110 



called the tenor trumpet, the other being the bass. No calls or modu- 

 lations are blown upon it, but it is sounded at intervals, several being 

 employed, with a wild shrill effect, in concert with the pipes on which 

 the tunes are played. 



9. ^ f jr T T ^ urna ) — 1^ A]RGE Teumpet. 



Like the preceding, this is used chiefly in religious processions, or 

 in festivals in honour of local divinities. It has a few hoarse bass notes, 

 which contrast with the shrill tenor of the Tootooree, and appear inca- 

 pable of other modulation. These instruments are almost invariably 

 played by Brahmins or priests attached to Hindu temples, and by persons 

 attached to the retinues of the Gooroos, Swamies, or spiritual princes of 

 the country, who possess large ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and are pro- 

 vided with them, as a mark of high rank, which is not allowable to 

 others. Occasionally, also, they are met with in the Kobuts, or musical 

 establishments attached by royal permission to nobles of high rank, Ma- 

 homedan as well as Hindu; and they are sounded at the five stated periods 

 of the regular daily performance ; but they do not exist in all cases, — for 

 there are distinctions in the classes of instruments, according to the 

 rank of persons privileged to play the JNobut, which involve the pre- 

 sence or otherwise of the hurna, those of the highest rank only being 

 able to use it. The !Nobut, as a peculiar institution of native music, 

 will be explained hereafter. The hurna, or large trumpet, is esteemed 

 by -all Brahmins to be the most ancient instrument of music in existence, 

 and the sound of it to be especially pleasing to the gods, in various par- 

 ticular ceremonies, and at solemn parts of sacrifice. I need not, how- 

 ever, occupy the time of the Academy with such legends. 



It is perhaps worthy of remark, however, that in the procession on 

 the Arch of Titus at B-ome, one of these trumpets, precisely similar in 

 shape to that of this collection, is being carried with the sacred candle- 

 stick with seven branches, and other trophies from the Temple at Jeru- 

 salem ; and thus it may be inferred that it was used in the ancient 

 Jewish ceremonies. 



10. fttc^TT ^H^nS {Jlolar cha Soonai) — 11, 12. Do. Tenor 

 or Second. — Heed Pipes. 



These instruments, which all belong to the same class, are of 

 universal use in all parts of India. What bagpipes are to Scotland 

 or Ireland, these pipes are to India. Although flageolets in appear- 

 ance, their sound is precisely similar to that of the bagpipes, only 

 perhaps more powerful, and in the hands of good players more 

 melodious. They have seven and eight holes, respectively, and thus 

 would appear to have no great compass ; but in execution, whether 

 from the effect of the lips and tongue upon the reed mouthpiece, 

 or the manner of fingering upon the holes, combinations are formed 

 which include semitones and quarter notes, and thus the expression 



