116 



31 fTWf^T 



(Toontoonee), 



An instrument with one wire string, and of a rude character. It is 

 invariably used by mendicants and common ballad singers in the Dekhan, 

 and the wire is struck rapidly by the finger, or a quill, as an accom- 

 paniment to the voice. The string can be tuned to any key required. 



32. 5^ {Duffde). 33. Do. 34. fcT^TI {Hulhya). 

 35. TRTT (Daijra). 36. ^Xfi (Buff). 



These five instruments belong to one class, the common tambourine 

 drum of India, which is played, partly by sticks, partly by the hand. 

 The performer holds two long thin pieces of wood or twig in his left 

 hand, which he rests upon the frame of the instrument, which is strung 

 over his shoulder, while with the right he beats it with a short thick 

 drumstick. The measure and tone can be changed and varied by the 

 manner in which the notes are played by the sticks in the left hand, 

 and in this respect the drummers are very expert. These instruments 

 form the ordinary accompaniments to the horn, No. 7. Every village, 

 or watch on town bastions, fort walls, and the like, has one ; and in 

 native armies the duff is beaten furiously on occasions of attack. In 

 all sorts of processions, festivals, and the like, they are employed ; but 

 they do not aspire to the refinement of other drums of a more scientific 

 character, which will be described in turn. 



Both played by hand as accompaniment to the voice, or struck with 

 a stick when in concert with pipes or loud instruments. Both these 

 instruments are of universal use, but are seldom employed by profes- 

 sional musicians. 



40. W|^c|'m^f {Pulchwaj). — Tenor and Bass .Drum, 



"Which is used exclusively as accompaniment to the voice, and in all 

 concerted music. Some musicians prefer the tubla, which will be de- 

 scribed hereafter ; and perhaps the pulchwaj is employed more than 

 the other by Hindu professionals. On this instrument players are ex- 

 ceedingly expert ; and by the manner in which both sides, tenor and bass, 

 are played by the hand, the points of the fingers, and occasionally the 

 palms, the notes which are produced assist the voice ; while the time, 

 however complicated, is kept with the greatest exactness. This drum 

 is tuned by the side cords, and by a composition laid on the centre, 

 which assists the sound; and a piece of dough is usually put upon the 

 bass side, which tempers the skin, and keeps it in tune. Among in- 

 strumental performers this drum, or the tulla, is considered the standard 

 instrument, and all others, whatever they may be, are tuned to it. 



Drum and Little Drum. 



