117 



41. (Hoodook). 42. fHR (Dak). 



These drums are used by ballad singers, mendicants, and the like, 

 and need no particular description. The latter use them in concert with 

 begging petitions in the name of some divinity, which are often sung to 

 wild or melancholy cadences. 



43. ^mpTI (Bahja). 44. f^Tc57 {JiUa) — Common Copper 

 Kettle Drums, 



Which need no particular explanation ; both are played with sticks. 

 They are often found with small parties of village musicians, and in 

 concert with pipes. 



45. ^T^fTT^r (Smnball). — Tenor and Bass Drum. 



. Of the same character as No. 40, Pukhwaj ; but not so melodious in 

 tone, nor so much used. 



46. rMcVT (Tuhla). 



These drums, tenor and bass, rank with the pukhwaj, and are pre- 

 ferred by many players. They are tied in a cloth round the waist, when 

 played, and the hands are exclusively used, with extraordinary execu- 

 tion. The tone is mellow and delicate, and, harmonized with the violins, 

 forms an excellent accompaniment to the voice. The tuhla drums are 

 made of copper, and, while equally sweet, have perhaps more resonance 

 than the jpukhwaj, which is of wood. 



Drum-playing on these instruments is quite an art among Indian 

 performers. They mark the time, which is of a very complicated nature, 

 and differs in many respects from ours, to suit the varied modes of the 

 music. On this account, and from the very florid passages required, 

 years of study and practice are required by the performers. 



47. HC*V (J\ T ul). — Kettle Drums, 



Generally used on horseback, much like our own, and beaten by 

 sticks. In native cavalry, and in our own irregular cavalry regiments, 

 they are carried in front on the march, and by their sonorous notes the 

 line of progress is indicated to prevent straggling. 



48. ^pT^TT (Doogdooga). — Small Hand Drum, 

 Used chiefly by mendicants and ballad singers. 



49. ^\<if\ (Nobut). 



This instrument, which is the largest kettle drum used in India, 

 gives the name to the " Nobut," or honorary music before alluded to, 



