248 



Antrim, and Tyrone, is in Irish Cpearh-coill (pr. crav-whill)* i. e. 

 wild garlick wood. Learh-coill (pr. lav-whill), a very usual name, 

 meaning " elm- wood," is generally transformed into the complete Eng- 

 lish word Longfield, which forms the whole or part of a great many 

 townland names. The conversion of colli into field seems a strange 

 transformation, but every step in the process is accounted for, by prin- 

 ciples already examined in this paper, namely, the conversion of c 

 into /, the addition of d after /, and the alteration of the Irish into an 

 English word. There are many townland names in the South, as well 

 as in the North, in which the same word colli is made hill. Who could 

 doubt but that Coolhill in the parish of The Eower, Kilkenny, means 

 the cool or cold hill ; or that Boyhill in the parish of Aghavea, Ferma- 

 nagh, is the hill of the boys ? . But the first is really cul-coill (pr. 

 Coolhill), back wood, and the second bui&e-coill (pr. hwee-hill), yellow 

 wood. So also in Scaryhill, Cullohill, Dunhill, and many others. 



TTI6incean (pr. mone-thauri), boggy land, andlT)6inctn (mone-theen), 

 a little bog, are in the South, very generally anglicised mountain, as in 

 Ballynamountain, Kilmountain, Coolmountain, &c, all townland names; 

 and in both North and South, uaccap, upper, is frequently changed to 

 water, as in Ballywatermoy, Wateresk, &c. There is a parish in An- 

 trim called Billy, a townland in parish of Kinawly, Fermanagh, called 

 Molly, and another in parish of Ballinlough, Limerick, with the more am- 

 bitious name of Cromwell ; but all these sail under false colours, for the 

 first is bile (bille), an ancient tree, the second malaise (pr. mauly), 

 hill-brows, or braes, and Cromwell is nothing more than Cpom-coill 

 (pr. CrumwhilV), stooped or sloping wood. The word bile is in other 

 instances transformed into the fashionable ville or villa, as in Munville, 

 in parish of Aghalurcher, Fermanagh (TYluine-bile, the shrubbery of 

 the ancient tree), and Bauravilla in parish of Caheragh, Cork, the barr 

 or hill top of the tree. 



There are several places in Tipperary and Limerick called by the 

 Scriptural name Mountsion ; but Mount is only a translation of cnoc, 

 and sion, an ingenious adaptation of pi&edm (pr. sheeawn), a fairy mount, 

 the full Irish name being Cnoc-a'-c-pi&edn, fairy-mount hill. No 

 English word could be plainer than Lowertown, a name of frequent 

 occurrence ; stripped of its English dress, however, it turns out to be 

 Lubgopcdn (pr. looartaun), an herb-garden; the same word is in other 

 places anglicised Lorton, Lurton, Luffertane, &c. There is a parish in 

 Roscommon, called anciently, "Oipeapc-Nua&ain, Nuadhan's desert or 

 hermitage, and in the corrupt modern Irish, Ister-Nuadhain (pr. Ister- 

 nooan) ; and this has been metamorphosed in the strange name of Eas- 

 tersnow. Islafalcon in parish of Ardtramon, Wexford, is not what i 



* I have given the pronunciation (as nearly as English letters can represent it) o 

 mo3t of the Irish words in this section ; for without it, a reader, not understanding Irish 

 would be unable to catch the point in the different transformations. 



