264 



correlatives, or antecedents (as often they actually are), happen to be 

 employed. In German, such is the position of toer, which must always 

 begin the sentence or clause in which it is used ; and, consequently, 

 always precede its grammatical antecedent. The place of the antece- 

 dent, however, sometimes corresponds with its name, as it ordinarily 

 does in English. Thus — 



o o o s> P 



The second, who knew a trade, the same began to practise his work. 



S-P S- 9 9 0 9 :: 



2fe£a merdjo meri ehashm aur surur-i dil thd ghd,ih hud hai. 



My boy, who was the light of my eye and my heart's joy, has been 



missing. 



Those examples readily lead to a simple statement of the general 

 connexion between the pronouns we have been noticing. In the de- 

 pendent clause, jo may appear in proximity with the person or thing it 

 represents ; but it may not so appear without the construction being in 

 the least affected, or any difficulty thrown in the way of the translation. 

 In either case, however, jo may be considered as the relative who or 

 which ; while so may stand for one of the personal or demonstrative 

 pronouns, or for that man, or thing, or that same, &c. 



2. "When the remote demonstrative, wuh, is substituted for so, the 

 singular form is often used when the context requires the plural ; but 

 it must be observed that the license is by no means confined to this case. 

 See example v., where wuh singular refers to elche plural. 



3. In all those examples jo is a simple relative, and accompanied 

 closely by its antecedent. The correlative appears in them also, except 

 in the fourth ; from which we see it may be dispensed with frequently, 

 although the prevailing usage is otherwise. But it would be deemed 

 faulty to omit the emphatic correlative, when the antecedent is unu- 

 sually remote. Thus — 



£a- O 9 o OP 



The ambassadors of the kings of every country, who had come for the 

 purpose of congratulation, they too were present. 



Har mulh he pddshdhon he elche mubdrah-hddi hi hhdtirjo d } e the wuh 



oh'i sab hd%ir the. 



