265 



4. Jo is often a compound relative ; and this has been mistaken for 

 its real character by Dr. Forbes, who says, p. 117, d — 



"In many instances the relative jo corresponds with our ' who,' 

 ' which,' or ' that ;' but the student must be careful not to consider this 

 as a rule, for it is only the exception ; as follows : — do rotijo bete hhdte 



hain, the two loaves which my children eat." 



It is quite obvious that/o is here the simple relative ; and the re- 

 mainder of the Doctor's observations lose sight of the question altoge- 

 ther. If need be, the employment of wuh in the leading clause will 



make the matter plainer : — wuh harz detd huri, these I lend. The judg- 

 ment of Dr. Forbes is entirely inconsistent with the frequent accompa- 

 niment of the actual antecedent, and the ordinary presence of a corre- 

 lative; its reverse is the truth. But in ]No. yi.jis is clearly a com- 

 pound relative, to be rendered by "by him by whom." In ETo. vii.,/o 

 may be regarded either as a simple or a compound, according as we take 

 so for the antecedent; or for the emphatic correlative, if we suppose jo 

 understood ; and there is nothing in the language itself, or in the ge- 

 neral principles of Grammar, to prevent either view. As in the last sen- 

 tence, so in all the others, it is a pure relative— in the first two instances 

 followed by the antecedent, but in the rest preceded by it. 



5. Jo is occasionally used correlatively with aisd ' talis,' and then it 

 corresponds with our 'as,' which has often the character of a relative. 

 Thus— 



viii. 



a*1 J> ^Jj^ u»j <— j=r s4 ur^J l?* 5 j-fj** 



hargiz kisi se aisi bat mat hah jo eh haras guzarnehe VadiHibdr hijd, we. 

 To any one never address such an assertion as may be believed (only) 

 after the expiration of a year. 



6. So. Passing by the use of hi for so, and a few other particulars 

 stated well enough in any Grammar in use, I must direct attention to 

 the occasional service of so as a compound relative. I have also to ob- 

 serve that such a fact favours the opinion that/o, as such, is a license, 

 although of frequent occurrence ; but the true character of jo has been 

 independently established. When in its compound character, so usually 



