266 



appears between two verbs, to both of which it may supply subject or 

 object. The subject is, to a European, sometimes curiously expressed, 

 as by log, in No. x. 



ix. I shall tell what I heard. ^^tf ^ 



x. The people (or they) who went, / 0 X J ^fA * / 



saw him. ^ 7 v <~> 



In the last case, however, so may be viewed as a simple relative. 

 Much more that Eorbes has written about the relative exhibits very 

 loose criticism; but I am restricting myself to points of absolute utility. 

 I shall close this paper with a few words about sd and mdnind, or md- 

 nand. 



7. Sd. The regimen of this adjective (needlessly called a particle) 

 is not properly stated by any of the grammarians. In Dr. Forbes's 

 Grammar, p. 108, we read— 



" When added to an adjective, it seems to render the same more 

 intensive, though frequently it is difficult to find for it an equivalent 



... 



English expression ; as J | 3l> U 'bring a little water;' 



jjUj jL^fe ^j<»i ' there were many weapons there.' When 



the comparison made by b alludes to one thing out of many, it go- 

 verns the genitive case ; as in the sentence 



• you also have a body exactly like jfc L IS C J\ ^ ! .L*J 



their's, ^ \' cPf c^V 



a form like that of a tiger.' " ^jy° ^j** ^j? jrA 



In the face of this correct translation, the statement of the construc- 

 tion is surprising indeed. It would be more literal to write, 4 'your body 

 is like their body." It is quite clear that sd, 'like,' agrees with jism, 

 which is masculine ; as tumhdrd also does. In like manner Ted, which 

 agrees with jism understood, has this form, both because jism is mascu- 

 line, and in the nominative case. If sd were absent, we should have M 

 just as it is, according to the rule for this sign or element of the Hin- 

 dustani genitive construction. In the same way, in the last sentence, 

 M is governed by the feminine surat, which in like manner governs si. 



So that sd has no influence whatsoever over the genitive sign. 



