294 



we shall obtain the following results, which represent the total flexion 

 and adduction, expressed as percentages, compared with each other. 



1. Cercopithecus mona, . . . 



2. ,, callitriclius, . 



3. Cynocephalus porcarius, 



4. Macacus nemestrinus, . . 



Total Flexion. Total Adduction. 



. 17*57 . . . 22-62 



. 14-26 . . . 17-79 



. 16-75 . . . 11-85 



. 4-68 . . . 26-74 



The relative proportions of the Glutsei muscles, in the smaller mon- 

 keys, I have found to be as follows : — 



1. Cercopithecus mona, . . 



2. ,, callitrichus, 



3. Cynocephalus porcarius, . 



4. Macacus nemestrinus, . . 



5. Lagothrix Humboldtii, . 



Gl. max. 

 . 31-6 

 . 25*9 

 . 27-7 

 . 28-0 

 . 37-9 



Gl. med 

 61-6 

 66-0 

 61-6 

 60*6 



, 54*5 



Gl. min. 

 6 



The President read the following communication from the Eev. 

 Edward Hincks : — 



On the Various Years and Months in Use among the Egyptians. 



The author began by referring to his former paper on a similar subject, 

 read before the Academy in 1838, and published in its " Transactions." 

 The conclusions arrived at in that paper were, he observed, vitiated by 

 a discovery made by Brugsch, that Champollion had mistaken the sea- 

 sons of the Egyptian year ; that the third season, which he had be- 

 lieved to be that of the inundation, was in reality the genial season ; 

 and the first season, which'followed this, was the true season of the inun- 

 dation. Eully recognising the importance of this discovery, and of others 

 made by Brugsch, Dr. Hincks could not acquiesce in what he had put for- 

 ward as his latest discoveries — namely, that the wandering year of 365 

 days was unknown to the Egyptians ; and that the only years used by them 

 through the whole period of their history were the sacred year, com- 

 mencing with the rising of Sothis on the 20th or 2 1 st July of our pre- 

 sent calendar ; and the civil year, commencing about forty days after. 

 Each of these had 365 days in three successive years, and 366 in the 

 fourth. The principal object of the present paper was to controvert 

 these new opinioDs. He admitted the existence of such a sacred year 

 as that of M. Brugsch ; which, however, was not a discovery of his, 

 but what all Egyptologers have long since recognised ; but he main- 

 tained that the Egyptians had a civil year of 365 days since 2783 B. C, 

 and that they never had a civil year with intercalations, beginning near 

 the end of August, until after the taking of Alexandria by Caesar Octa- 

 vianus. In support of the first proposition, he appealed first to the tes- 

 timonies of various astronomical writers, and of Censorinus. In the 

 course of his argument he noticed the mistake which Brugsch had 



