447 



der of its tubercle, within and behind the insertion of scalenus medius, 

 from which, part of the upper roots of the brachial plexus and a plane 

 of cellular tissue separated it. The insertion of the scalenus medius in 

 this instance was extended farther upwards than usual, and was connected 

 with the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the first, se- 

 cond, and third cervical vertebrae. The scalenus posticus was normal. 



To the above described muscle perhaps the name scalenus accessorius 

 might be given. I have found it present in some of the Quadrumana. 



6. An unimportant, though distinct muscle, for which I would sug- 

 gest the name rhombo-axoid (Plate V., fig. 1, a), I found in one sub- 

 ject, arising from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, 

 underneath the rhomboideus minor, and closely connected to its origin. 

 Its fibres ran upwards, forwards, and outwards, in a round fasciculus, 

 and, becoming tendinous, were inserted into the transverse process of 

 the atlas. This band lay first on the serratus posticus superior, and then 

 on the splenius colli. 



7. I have very frequently found in man a small muscular slip 

 (subscapulo-capsular, mihi), to which the name infraspinatus secundus 

 has been given by Professor Haughton (Plate YIL, fig. 2, a). When 

 present, it arises from the anterior aspect of the axillary border of 

 the scapula, immediately below its neck, usually overlapped by the 

 subscapular muscle, and anterior to the origin of the long head of the 

 triceps ; from this it passes outwards, and is inserted into the inferior 

 and anterior part of the capsular ligament of the shoulder joint. I 

 have found this muscle either quite separate from the subscapularis, or 

 else conjoined with its lower border. Among the Mammalia I have seen 

 it in the horse, seal, and many others ; and Professor Haughton has kindly 

 informed me that he has found it present in several of the larger Qua- 

 drumana, in some of which it was particularly well developed, especially in 

 Macacus nemestrmus. In the majority of cases among animals this muscle 

 has little or no connexion with the capsular ligament, but it is usually 

 inserted into a point intermediate between the posterior surface of the 

 lesser tuberosity and the inner lip of the bicipital groove. The human 

 muscle would thus seem to have a special action to make tense the cap- 

 sular ligament, and to prevent its being pinched in rapid motions of the 

 joint ; it is probably the upper extremity representative of the glutaeus 

 quartus of Mayer and Haughton. 



8. Coraco-capsular is a small muscle described by Mr. Wood, which 

 I have rarely found present: in the few instances in which it has occurred, 

 it arose under cover of the coraco-brachialis from the under side of the 

 extremity of the process, and was inserted into the upper and anterior 

 part of the capsule. It sometimes seemed as it were an offshoot from 

 the coraco-brachialis, but more commonly when present it is distinct. I 

 have found it existing and very distinct in Cebus and Callithrix ; and in 

 these it usually passes completely over the capsular ligament, to be 

 attached to the front of the neck of the humerus. Prom its origin and 

 from the relation of its insertion to the capsule and to the lesser tuberosity, 

 it might perhaps be considered as the humeral homotype of the qua- 



