458 



Though I have never seen a similar arrangement of this muscle in 

 any animal, yet a somewhat corresponding slip has been described, and 

 I have seen the same appearance in connexion with the abductor pollicis 

 in the Cynocephalus porcarius and other Qnadrumana. It has been sug- 

 gested that these varieties might be modifications of the palmaris seeun- 

 dus or accessorius before alluded to. 



15. The palmar lumbricales I have found to vary very frequently 

 in their origin, principally by the occurrence of additional heads from 

 the inner sides of the neighbouring tendons. This variety occurrred to 

 the second lumbricalis in one instance, and to the second and third in 

 another. The third is by far the most frequent subject of variety, as I 

 have seen two irregularities of that muscle for every single instance of 

 variation in the others. 



16. An aggravated case of talipes varus, occurring in the foot of a 

 female subject, exhibited some rare and interesting varieties in the posi- 

 tions, attachments, and relations of some of the tendons about the ankle. 

 The peronseus longus on the right side, after winding around the outer 

 malleolus, grooved the external side of the os calcis, being bound down 

 by a strong double external annular ligament. It then passed forwards, 

 inwards, and a little upwards, soon splitting into three tendons, which 

 were inserted into the tarsal extremities of the metatarsal bones of the 

 fifth, third, and first toes. There was no sesamoid tubercle or cartilage 

 where it wound round the calcis, but a very strong expansion of the 

 calcaneo- cuboid ligament held it in its place. On the left side, although 

 the foot was distorted, the muscle had only its normal insertion. The 

 chief feature of interest in the variety arises from the fact that in the 

 upper extremity the flexor carpi ulnaris, which is the undoubted homo- 

 type of this muscle, assumes a somewhat similar mode of arrangement 

 in some animals, as in the striped hyena, where, from the pisiform 

 attachment of this tendon (the homotype of the sesamoid bone, so fre- 

 quently existing in the tendon of the peronseus longus), four slips are 

 continued to the "four outer metacarpal bones. I have seen the same 

 arrangement in a seal. In the Ursus arctos a ligamentous slip of a si- 

 milar nature seems likewise to continue the insertion of the muscle 

 from the pisiform to the fifth metacarpal bone. In the porcupine and 

 some other rodents, the peronseus longus sends slips to the first, second, 

 and third metatarsal bones, as well as to the cuneiforms. 



17. In the same subject the tibialis anticus, after gliding over the 

 anterior surface of the tibia, and passing under the anterior annular 

 ligament split into two portions — one of which, a round internal slip, 

 was inserted into the inner side of the scaphoid and ento-cuneiform bones; 

 while the other, broad and aponeurotic, passed externally, to be attached 

 to the outer side of the astragalus and os calcis. Beneath this expan- 

 sion, and winding round the former round tendinous slip as a pulley, 

 the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis pro- 

 prius ran, turning backwards, inwards, and upwards, so as to form an 

 angle of sixty degrees. 



18. The peronasus tertius; in a stout female subject, sent a strong 



