462 



These are attempts at the complete union of the two muscles which oc 

 cur in the majority of Quadrumana. 



6. The biceps in several instances was extended at its insertion by 

 a tendinous band, internal to the radial insertion, to form one of the 

 origins of the flexor carpi radialis : in this instance the pronator teres 

 was small, and was at its origin completely under cover of the flexor 

 carpi radialis and palmaris longus. The brachialis anticus tendon is 

 frequently connected with the coronoid head of the pronator teres, of 

 which sometimes it forms the entire. 



7. The extensores carpi radialis longior and brevior were thus 

 connected frequently, in degrees varying from complete fusion to junc- 

 tion by slender tendinous slips. The former state occurs in the horse, 

 camel, and sheep. 



8. The connecting band between the latissimus dorsi and the 

 pectoralis major was found very often; its attachments varied, being 

 connected with the lower costal fibres of the latter in one instance, 

 whereas in most of the other cases it joined the upper sternal or costal 

 fibres. This connexion is very common; it occurs in most of the 

 Felidse, in the mole, and many other animals. 



9. The brachialis anticus in one case sent off a slip to form one of 

 the origins of pronator teres distinct from that already noticed ; and in 

 another subject dissected by me, during the past session, the latter muscle 

 possessed a remarkable series of origins, consisting of : — 1st, a tendinous 

 band, sent off from the biceps between its ordinary tendon and the 

 commencement of its semilunar fascia ; 2nd, a thin tendinous slip from 

 the inner condyle, four-fifths of an inch long, and one-fifth of an inch 

 broad ; and, Srdly, by a thick fleshy head from the internal intermus- 

 cular septum and internal condyloid ridge of the humerus, for the extent 

 of two inches, ceasing an inch and a half above the point of the condyle. 

 This very complex arrangement is, I think, undescribed. (Plate YIIL, 

 fig. 3, a, b, c). 



10. The peronaei were occasionally united by tendinous and fleshy 

 slips, but this arrangement is not of frequent occurrence. 



11. The modes of connexion existing between the tendons of the 

 flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus are of very great in- 

 terest ; and, as they have given rise to several discussions, I have care- 

 fully sought and examined their nature. I have found some connexion 

 present between these tendons in at least eight out of every ten sub- 

 jects. The union varied in strength and nature : sometimes it was 

 merely the interchange of a few tendinous fibres, or a large cord from 

 one tendon to the other ; most commonly these ran from the flexor 

 hallucis to the flexor communis, especially to the tendon of the second 

 toe ; but in two or three instances I have seen them running in the 

 reverse direction. In some cases a perfect fusion took place between 

 the tendons ; and much more rarely the flexor hallucis sent off a cord 

 larger than its own proper tendon, which subdivided into four tendons, 

 which united with the tendons of the flexor communis, opposite the 

 metacarpi phalangeal articulations, forming with the latter tendons 



