139 



formis has occurred this Session, similar to that noticed in my former 

 paper. 



Of the connexions between the flexor hallucis and communis 1 

 have seen a very large number, as of the entire number of subjects 

 which I have examined, not one was free from some mode of junction ; 

 these unions of the flexors have been carefully described so often that 

 it is needless to dwell any farther upon them here. 



Union has likewise existed between the adductor brevis and magnus, 

 similar to the state which I have found in the masked pig of Japan. Be- 

 tween other muscles very little separate by nature, unions have occurred 

 often, such as between the splenius capitis and colli, transversus colli 

 and trachelo-mastoid, longus atlantis and longus colli, rhomboideus 

 major and minor. 



I have found a considerable increase in the class of irregularities, of 

 course, and attachments in muscles. This class of varieties encroaches 

 upon the last group or the class of coalescences in many instances. 

 These additional variations were as follows : — 



1. The platysma myoides in one instance, the subject possessing 

 the large cleido-occipital before described, had a distinct round sternal 

 origin and a strong clavicular attachment ; otherwise it was normal, and 

 gave off an oral slip rather lower than usual. This is the band usually 

 miscalled in the books the risorius Santorini, as the muscle described 

 by that anatomist was not, according to Henle, this slip of the platysma 

 (Henle's " Muskellehre," p. 107). 



2. The middle constrictor pharyngis I have twice seen possessing 

 an extensive syndesmo-pharyngeal origin from the stylo-hyoid ligament, 

 and likewise from the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. In one of these 

 cases the superior constrictor extended only as far upward as the 

 hamular process of the sphenoid. 



3. Yarieties of the biceps have been as common as usual, especially in 

 the forms of additional origins, or more seldom as separate insertions. 

 Of the former, as usual, the commonest has been the humeral head from 

 the bone, usually from an oblique line, intervening between the inser- 

 tion of the coraco-brachialis and the origin of the brachialis anticus 

 (in my former paper I described it as being from the brachialis, but 

 that I believe to be a second and much rarer head). This humeral origin 

 I have met with once in every eight subjects — a much higher percent- 

 age than I have ever met before, and agreeing with Theile's ex- 

 perience ('_< Eneyclop. Anat." voL'iii., p. 217). During the previous 

 seven Sessions this only occurred in the proportion of once in every 

 twenty-five subjects. 



Thus the different supernumerary heads which have been described 

 for this muscle are: — 1st, the before-mentioned humeral slip; 2nd, 

 from the brachialis anticus directly — the second commonest; 3rd, a 

 slip from the supinator longus ; 4th, a slip from the pronator radii 

 teres; 5th, from the insertion of the deltoid, either by a strong 

 fibrous^ band or by a large muscular origin, which I have seen ex- 

 isting in a subject that possessed no long head for this muscle; I 



E, I. A. PEOC VOL. X. 17 



