476 



I shall not allude to the discoveries made in the rock of Gibraltar, 

 as they have been so well described by Doctor Busk and others. I may, 

 however, mention that they belong to a recent geological formation, 

 and have been accompanied with remains of man. I exhibit a stone 

 taken from St. Michael's Cave. 



Mr. Evans (" Transactions of the Ethnological Society," vol. vii.) 

 describes some interesting discoveries in Portugal. The Museum of the 

 library of Evora contains some interesting arms of stone, which he calls 

 club celts, and a gouge also of stone. 



Some hatchets of amphibolic green schist found in a cromlech at Alco- 

 gulo, and a stone muller for corn in another cromlech in the same locality. 



A hatchet found at Castello de Vide, Alentejo. 



In the cave called Casa da Maura, near the village Serra-de El Re, 

 there are two deposits, both connected with human remains. 



(a). The lower deposit consisted of flint flakes, a fragment of a 

 sort of lance head of bone, and other fragments. 



(/3). The upper deposit contained, mixed with human bones, hatchets 

 of polished stones, knives, arrow heads, and other instruments of flint, 

 bone, and stagshorn; fragments of rude pottery, black, with white grains 

 of sand or calcareous spar, together with bones and teeth of animals, 

 pebbles, flint and limestone flakes ; small fragments of stone hatchets, 

 and flat pieces of schist, with designs upon them, which may have been 

 used as amulets ; charcoal; numerous shells of Helix nemoralis and as - 

 persa, and some pierced valves of pectunculus, much worn ; also a lance 

 head of bronze. 



CASTILLEJO DE GUZMAN. 



On the right bank of the Guadalquivir, on a low range of hills, 

 one of which contains a Roman camp, at a distance of about three miles 

 from Seville, is the noble farm and country residence of the Conde 

 Castillejo de Guzman; and in a vineyard is the so-called Cueva de la 

 Pastora, consisting of a long gallery or underground passage leading to 

 a small circular chamber. It is constructed of undressed stones, with- 

 out any mortar ; the side walls of small ones, the covering stones of 

 larger dimensions. It resembles in every respect the Picts' houses of 

 Ireland and Scotland, and might be said to be a miniature New Grange. 

 There are at two intervals large stones for the support of jambs of 

 a doorway. The length of the gallery is twenty-seven metres, about 

 eighty-eight feet. It is barely three feet wide, and its greatest height not 

 above six feet. The doorways are situated, the front at about thirty-six 

 feet from the entrance; the second, at about fifty- two feet further, close 

 to the entrance of the circular chamber. This room is surrounded by 

 a wall, consisting of two distinct bands of masonry, the lower one 

 of small stones, the upper of large overlapping stones, which cover it in. 

 Don Francisco Tubino, to whom Spanish ArchaBology owes so much, 

 and who first called my attention to it, in his luminous report on this 

 discovery, mentions that he observed in the interstices of the stones 

 in the circular chamber groups of fossil shells of the oyster kind. 

 Signor Professor Villanova pronounces them to be the Ostrea sacellus 



