House-Flies or Typhoid-Flies 



67 



fever in the United States Army Concentration 

 Camps. The following are some of the conclusions 

 as reported by Dr. Vaughan : 



"flies undoubtedly served as carriers or THE 



INFECTION 



"My reasons for believing that flies were active in 

 the dissemination of typhoid may be stated as follows: 



"a. Flies swarmed over infected fecal matter in the 

 pits and then visited and fed upon the food prepared 

 for the soldiers at the mess tents. In some instances 

 where lime had recently been sprinkled over the con- 

 tents of the pits, flies with their feet whitened with 

 lime were seen walking over the food. 



"b. Officers whose mess tents were protected by means 

 of screens suffered proportionately less from typhoid 

 fever than did those whose tents were not so protected. 



11 c. Typhoid fever gradually disappeared in the fall 

 of 1898, with the approach of cold weather, and the 

 consequent disabling of the fly. 



"It is possible for the fly to carry the typhoid bacil- 

 lus in two ways. In the first place, fecal matter con- 

 taining the typhoid germ may adhere to the fly and be 

 mechanically transported. In the second place, it is 

 possible that the typhoid bacillus may be carried in the 

 digestive organs of the fly and may be deposited with 

 its excrement. , ' 



In Dr. Daniel D. Jackson's report to the Mer- 

 chants' Association of New York on the "Pollution 



