200 



Insects and Disease 



McCrea, Thomas. Typhoid Fever. Osier's Mod. Med., 

 Vol. II, p. 70, 1907. A full discussion of this disease. 



Reed, Walter; Vaughan, V. C, and Shakespeare, E. O. 

 Abstract of Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid 

 Fever in the U. S. Military Camps During the Spanish War 

 of 1898. Washington, Govt. Printing Office, 1900. Shows 

 among other things that "flies undoubtedly served as carriers 

 of infection." 



Roseman, M. J., Lumsden, L. L., and Kastle, J. H. Report 

 on Origin and Prevalence of Typhoid Fever in D. C. Including 

 reports by Stiles, Goldberger and Stimson. Bull. 35 of Hygienic 

 Laboratory of U. S. Public Health and Mar. Hospt. Ser., 1907. 

 (Second report in Bull. 44, 1907, includes nothing about insects.) 



Veeder, M. A. Typhoid Fever from Sources Other Than 

 Water Supply. Med. Record, 62, pp. 121-124, July 26, 1902. 

 Cites several instances where flies might act as the carriers of 

 the disease. 



Whipple, Geo. C. Typhoid Fever, Its Causation, Transmission 

 and Prevention. N. Y., 1908. Considers that house-flies and 

 probably fruit-flies carry typhoid bacilli. 



HOUSE-FLIES; ANATOMY, LIFE-HISTORY, HABITS 



Felt, E. P. Observations on the House-fly. Jour. Eco. Ento., 



Ill, No. 1, Feb., 1910, pp. 24-26. Shows that it does not breed 



freely in darkness. 

 Griffith, A. The Life-history of House-flies. Public Health 



(London), 21, No. 3, 1908, pp. 122-127. Study of life-history. 



Flies require water frequently, eggs hatch in twenty -four hours, 



larval stage four days. Each female may lay four batches of 



eggs. Destroy manure and rubbish. 

 Hamer, W. H. The Breeding of Flies Summarized. Am. Med., 



3, 1908, p. 431. Habits of flies and experiments to show that 



they may carry the germs of various diseases. 



