Bibliography 



203 



Firth, R. H., and Horrocks, W. H. An Inquiry Into the In- 

 fluence of Soil, Fabrics, and Flies in the Dissemination of 

 Enteric Infection. Brit. Med. Jour., Vol. II, 1902, pp. 936- 

 942. House-flies carry enteric bacilli. They may pass through 

 digestive tract and remain virulent. 



Hamilton, Alice. The Fly as a Carrier of Typhoid. Jour. 

 Amer. Med. Assn., 40, 1903, pp. 576-83. A study of a typhoid 

 outbreak in Chicago gives good evidence that the flies were 

 important factors in the spread of the disease. 



Hewitt, C. G. The Biology of House-flies in Relation to 

 Public Health. Royal Inst. Pub. Health Jour., Oct., 1908. 



Howard, L. O. A contribution to the Study of the Insect 

 Fauna of Human Excrement. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2, 



1900, pp. 541-600. Special reference to the house-fly and 

 typhoid fever. 



Howard, L. O. Flies and Typhoid. Pop. Sci. Mo., Jan., 



1901, pp. 249-256. A popular account of several species of 

 flies that may be concerned in carrying typhoid. 



Klein, E. Flies as Carriers of B. typhus. Brit. Med. Jour., 

 Oct. 17, 1908, pp. 1 150-51. In cultures made from flies he 

 found great numbers of B. coli communis and B. typhosus, 

 showing that flies may carry these germs. 



Martin, A. Flies in Relation to Typhoid and Summer Diarrhea. 

 Public Health, 15, 1903, pp. 652-653. Believes that the 

 house-fly is largely responsible for these diseases. 



Reed, Walter. War Dept. An. Rept., 1899, pp. 627-633. 

 Flies the cause of a typhoid outbreak in army in 1899. 



HOUSE-FLY AND VARIOUS DISEASES 



Buchanan, R. A., Glasg, F. F., and M. B. The Carriage 

 of Infection by Flies. Lancet, 173, 1907, pp. 216-218. Flies 

 carry various germs on their feet and distribute them where 

 they walk. Must protect food from contamination. 



