'58 



FIXED SALINE CONSTITUENTS. 



constructed upon one great plan. Pathological conditions of the most highly 

 organized animals are found to exist as the normal and permanent conditions of 

 those placed below in the scale of creation. If the forces of a warn^-blooded animal 

 be reduced, it presents a condition in many respects similar to that of a cold-blooded 

 animal. We will illustrate this by one other example. 



Warm-blooded animals, in health, are able to maintain their temperature at a 

 fixed standard, regardless of that of the surrounding medium. As the surrounding 

 temperature descends, the efforts of nature to sustain a definite degree of heat 

 increase. If, however, the forces of the animal economy be impaired, the efforts of 

 nature are no longer sufficient to keep the body heated to the normal degree, and 

 gradually the body assumes the temperature of the surrounding medium. The 

 intellect and all the organic forces become torpid, the chemical actions cease, or 

 are performed in a feeble or perverted manner; and, finally, the once active and 

 warm-blooded animal is reduced to the condition of a sluggish cold-blooded one. 



This table also apparently shows that the fibrin is one of the most variable of 

 all the constituents of the blood. This, however, probably arises in great measure 

 from imperfections in our methods of analysis. 



We shall next consider the amount of fixed saline constituents in the blood of 

 different animals. 



Tahle of the Fixed Saline Constituents in the Blood of different Animals. 







Fixed saline con- 





Name of observer. 



Name of animal. 



stituents in 1000 

 parts of blood. 





C. Schmidt 



Anodonta cijgnea (Pond Mussel) 



0.256 



1 



Harless and Bibra 



Helix pomatia (Shell Snail) .... 



6.12 



1 Invertebrate 

 animals. 



Bibra 



Ascidians and Cephalopods .... 



2.63 



Geiitli 



Limidus Cyclops ...... 



3.32T 





Jos. Jones 



Tryyon sahina (Stingray) .... 



14.70 







Zygceiia jnallens (Hammerhead Shark) 



8.36 



Salt-water 

 > Fishes and 

 Reptiles. 



tt 

 it 



Lepisosteus osseus (Garfish) .... 

 Emys terrapin (Salt-water terrapin) 



10.2T 

 10.74 





Alligator Mississippiensis (Alligator) 



8.65 



it 



Clielonia caretta (Loggerhead Turtle) 



3.58 







Rana cateshceana (Bullfrog) .... 



5.78 





n 



Clielonura serpentiiui (Snapping Turtle) . 

 Emys serrata (Yellow-bellied Terrapin) . 



4.39 



Fresh-water 



1 1 



5.22 



Reptiles. 



1 1 



Emys reticulata (Chicken Terrapin) 



7.79 





It 



Heterodon platyrhinos (Hog-nose Viper) . 



13.47 







Heterodon niger (Black Viper) 



7.04 



Land Rep- 

 ' tiles. 



1 1 



Psammojjkis Jlagelliformis (Coach-whip Snake) 



5.57 



tt 



Coluber constrictor (Black Snake) 



8.77 



tt 



Testudo polyphemus (Gopher) 



5.83 





tt 

 i I 



Catliartes atratus (Black Buzzard) . 



Ardea nycticorax (Heron) .... 



8.33 

 6 59 





tt 



Syrnium nehulosum (Owl) .... 



8.06 



> Birds. 



Nasse 



Goose ........ 



7.92 





1 1 



Hen 



8.79 





1 1 



Sheep ........ 



7.76 





tt 



Horse ........ 



7.85 





It 



Ox 



6.95 





tt 



Calf 



7.87 





tt 

 1 1 



Goat ........ 



Rabbit ........ 



7.84 

 6.28 



> Mammalia. 



tt 



Cat 



7.84 





tt 



I>og 



7.33 





Jos. Jones 

 1 1 



Common Cur-Dog ...... 



Common Cur-Dog ...... 



6.04 

 6.11 





