70 



ANIMAL TEMPERATURE. 



Talle shoicivKj the lidaiion hetiveen the Temxieraiure and the Chemical Changes of the Molecules of 

 the Solids and Fluids of Warm and Cold-Blooded Animals. 



Name of Auimal. 



Emys terrapin 



Emys serrata . 

 Emys serrata . 

 Emys serrata . 

 Emys serrata . 

 Testudo polyphemus 

 Cur-dof? . 



S C 5 



O QJ ^ 



S o-J 



Fahr. 



78° 



14° 



84° 

 81° 

 82° 

 86° 



Fahr. 



Muscles of 

 thigh, SC^ 



80^ 

 80° 



Fahr. 

 Heart and 

 liver, 80:^° 

 73d° 



80 



80d° 

 " 100° 



Grains. 



5.18 

 6. 3 

 10. 5 

 10.29 

 3.14 

 2.41 

 311.84 



bfi.S ^ 



o £ 5 : 



S 2 £| 



Grains. 



.032 

 1.315 

 0.357 

 1.09 



.0271 



8 4 0 5 0 0 



i 



3 4. 3 6 7 



to ^ ^ 



o c o 



o c » 



o C) 



S 3 t- 



Grains. 



.00114 



.0034 



.00166 



.00437 



.0012 



These tables show that, although the union of the oxygen of the atmosphere 

 with the elements of the solids and fluid.s of cold-blooded animals is so slow that 

 their temperature changes with that of the surrounding medium, still they generate 

 within themselves a certain amount of heat. This is proved by the fact, that, the 

 interior of their bodies in the region of the heart and liver generally has a temper- 

 ature a fraction of a degree higher than that of the parts nearer the surface. 



The fact that the temperature of their bodies is often several degrees below that 

 of the surrounding medium is readily explained by a reference to our investigations 

 upon the effects of thirst and starvation upon the solids and fluids. The loss of 

 weight is due, in a greater degree, to the evaporation of the water of the solids and 

 fluids than to the metamorphosis and final elimination of the organic elements in 

 the maintenance of animal temperature. The amount of solid matters con'sumed 

 in the maintenance of the temperature of cold-blooded animals is not always suffi- 

 cient to supply the heat abstracted by evaporation. 



Losses in the Weights of Animals during different periods of Thirst and Starvation. 



Name of auimal. 



Period of 

 starvation 

 and thirst. 



Weight 

 before 

 starvation. 



Weight 

 after 

 starvation. 



Loss of 

 blood 

 during 

 starva- 

 tion. 



Loss of 

 weight dur- 

 ing starva- 

 tion. 



Loss of 

 ■weight 

 compared 

 to weight 

 of body. 



Loss of 

 weight 

 each 

 hour. 







Grains. 



Grains. 



Grains. 



Grains. 





Grains. 



Female Emys terrapin 



38 days 



14,285 



11,400 



600 



2,885 



1 



5 



3.317 





56 " 



12,280 



9,255 



800 



3,025 



1 

 4 



2.25 



Female Emys serrata 



12 hours 



33,417 



33,258 





159 



1 



2 0 0 



13.25 



II II 



14 days 



20,873 



18,756 



700 



2,117 



1 



1 0 



6.3 



il u 



20 " 



34,155 



28,675 



1500 



5,480 



* 



11.41 



II 11 



20 " 



41,086 



34,960 



1550 



6,126 



I 



7 



12.76 



It II 



39 " 



38,590 



30,142 



1800 



8,398 



1 1 



4 5 



10.29 



Male Emys serrata 



45 " 



17,797 



14,400 



1000 



3,397 



1 



5 



3.14 



0 Emys serrata 



27 " 



104,698 



85,573 





19,125 



1 1 



S g 



27.97 



Testudo polyphemus 















(Gopher) 



25 " 



18,368 



16,922 





1,446 



1 



1 3 



2.41 



4 Testudo polyphemus 















(G'ophers) 



37 " 



98,280 



86,696 





11,582 



1 



9 



13.04 



Cur-dog 



6d'ys,14 















hours 



161,326 



112,055 





49,271 





811.84 



Loss of 

 weight per 

 hour, com- 

 pared to 

 weight of 

 body. 



5 4 5 8 



1 _ 



2 7 2 8 

 1 



3 3 13 

 I_ 



2 9 9 4 

 1 



3 2 9 8 

 1^ 



3 7 5 4 



56" ST 



__1 



3 7 4 3 



73 3 6 



5 1 7 



