MAMMALIA. 



9 



Many details of the horizontal and vertical distribution are given, the whole area being 

 divided into four districts, 1 and also into five vertical zones. 



It is useless to copy out the list given by Severtzoff, because it is certain that many of 

 the names require alteration. Thus Dobson has shown 2 that the seven bats, in all proba- 

 bility, represent but four species, and that several of the specific identifications are extremely 

 doubtful. The nomenclature of the birds, which are much more easily determined than 

 mammals, has been found to require alteration in many cases. 



A list of the mammalia observed in China north of the Yang-tsi-kiang is furnished by 

 Pere Armand David in the " Nouvelles Archives du Museum" for 1871, Vol. VII, Bulletin, 

 p. 91. The country is considerably to the eastward of Turkestan, but there is a great similar- 

 ity between the faunae of the two regions. The identifications in Pere David's list are by 

 Mons. Alphonse Milne-Edwards, one of the best living authorities. The species believed to be 

 new are figured by MM. H. and A. Milne-Edwards in their " Recherches pour servir a 

 l'histoire naturelle des Mammiferes." Apparently but few of the species of Northern China 

 are the same as those of Eastern Turkestan. 



V— Ranges west and north of Yarkand and Kashghar.— The following mammals 



were observed or collected on the ranges west of Yarkand, including the Pamir plateau — 



Felis ?mcia. 

 Ursus, sp. 

 Canis lupus. 

 Ardomys aureus. 

 Mus erytlironotus. 



whilst on the ranges north of Kashghar the following were observed : — 



Cricetus (Cricetulus) pilaus. 

 C. (Cricetulus) fulvus. 

 Zepus pamirensis. 

 Ovis poli. 

 Copra sibirica. 



Lepus stoliczkanus. 

 Ovis harelini. 



Capra sibirica. 



Sus scrofa, var. nigripes. 



The horns of Cervus eustephanus are said also to have been brought from the Thian 

 Shan, and this animal is probably the Cervus maral of Severtzoff and Prejevalski. 



In drawing up the present notes, I have received much aid from two officers of the Mis- 

 sion to Yarkand, — Captain Trotter and Captain Biddulph, — who assisted me by clearing up 

 points left obscure in Dr. Stoliczka's diary, and who furnished me with notes on some of the 

 animals observed by them. I am also indebted to Mr. B. B. Shaw and to Dr. Scully for 

 both specimens and information. Dr. Giinther did me the favour of comparing some of 

 the skins with types in the Indian Museum. Prom Mr. Wood-Mason, who, in Dr. Anderson's 

 absence, was in charge of the Indian Museum, I have received assistance of every kind, 

 and also from Mr. Eraser, the Osteologist ; and Dr. Anderson himself, since his return to 

 India, has given me every facility for comparing and examining specimens. Without the 

 aid kindly afforded me by the officers of the Museum, the present notes would be much more 

 imperfect even than they are. Above all, I have to thank Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen 

 for the very great trouble he has taken in supervising the preparation of the plates in 

 England — a long and tedious labour. The drawing and colouring of the plates has been 

 delayed by a number of accidents, and, but for Colonel God win- Austen's assistance, the delay 



1 For details, see ' Ibis,' 1875, p. 97. The portion of Mr. Severtzoff 's work relating to birds has been translated by Mr. H. E. 

 Dresser in the ' Ibis' (I. a), and many additional notes are added. 

 a Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Aug. 187S, Ser. 4, Vol. xviii, p. 130. 



