4 



SECOND Y ARK AND MISSION. 



said to inhabit Ladak ; they are found in other parts of Tibet or in Kashmir, and the list 

 even of the larger mammals is incomplete, as neither of the two kinds of antelope is 

 included. 



Dr. Leith Adams, 1 in his "Remarks on the Habits and Haunts of some of the 

 Mammalia found in various parts of India and the West Himalayan Mountains," gives 

 many details concerning the animals of Ladak. The scientific names, taken from the British 

 Museum, are, however, often different from those used by naturalists at the present day. 

 In his " Wanderings of a Naturalist in India," 2 the same author describes his visit to 

 Ladak, and notices the principal mammals observed during his journey, with many notes of 

 interest concerning their distribution and habits. Heads of several of the larger mammalia 

 of Ladak are well photographed in Kinloch's "Large Game Shooting in Thibet, &c." 3 



Kashmir proper, or the valley of the Upper Jhelum, is the only part of the country 

 traversed by Dr. Stoliczka that is included in the area of which the fauna was described in 

 Jerdon's " Mammals of India." 4 It is but very rarely that a reference to the mammals of 

 Western Tibet is to be found in Mr Blyth's writings, although he procured many animals 

 from the eastern part of that country. 



The only writer, previous to Dr. Jerdon, who gave any general account of the Kashmir 

 mammals was Dr. A. Wagner, who compiled a list mainly from the notes and collections of 

 Preiherr von Hugel. This account was published as one of the appendices 5 to Von Hugel's 

 " Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek." 



In Dr. Falconer's " Palseontological Memoirs " 6 there are a few notes, written many 

 years previously, on some of the animals of Kashmir and Ladak. Good descriptions of the 

 stag, musk deer, ibex, marten, Tibetan hare, and marmot are given ; but the names proposed 

 had been preceded by others before the notes in question were published, and the only new 

 term which has been adopted . is that for the Kashmir stag, separately published by 

 its proposer. 



Prom the data already noticed, and some notes supplied by Mr. Shaw, Dr. Scully, Cap- 

 tain Trotter, Captain Biddulph, Dr. Cayley and others, the following lists are compiled. 



L Kashmir- — The area comprises the whole of the Upper Jhelum drainage, from the 

 Pir Panjal range on the south to the Zanskar range, forming the watershed between 

 Kashmir proper and Ladak (Dras, Zanskar, &c.) on the north. In the following list the 

 animals observed by Von Hiigel, Jerdon, and others are included. 7 The list of the larger 

 animals is probably complete, or nearly so. An Indian or Tibetan form may occasionally stray 

 across the mountains, but the species inhabiting the valley and the mountains around are 

 for the most part well known. Of the smaller animals, however, much additional information 

 is desirable. Considering how many English resort annually to Kashmir, it is surprising that 

 our knowledge of the fauna is not more accurate. 



Megaderma lyra. 

 Vespertilio longipes. 



Chiroftera. 



Vesperugo serotinus. 

 V. pipistrellus. 



1 P. Z. S., 1858, p. 512. 



2 Edinburgh, 1867. 



3 London, 1869, 2nd series, 1876. 



4 Roorkee, 1867. 



5 Vol. iv, pt. 2, 1844, pp. 567-581. 



s London, 1868, Vol. i, pp. 576-586. 



I am indebted to Mr. Ljdekker for assistance in drawing up this list. 



