I 



THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 



21 



cana and C. rosfrata), the sassafras (Sassafras variifolinm) , 

 witch-hazel { HaiiiamcUs virginiana) , smooth sumac (Rhus 

 glabra), round leaved dogwood (Coriius circinata) , privet 

 Andromeda (Lyonia ligustruia) , sheep laurel (Kalmia angust- 

 ifoiia), mountain azalea or swamp-apple (Rhododendron 

 canescens) and sheep-berry (Viburnum Lentago). A few 

 plants of the downy rattlesnake plantain (Epipactis puhesccns) , 

 Hooker's rein-orchis (Habenaria Hookcri) and pinesap 

 (Mojiotropa Hypopitys) were found associated with more com- 

 mon herbaceous sylvan species. 



Contrast Between Animals and Plants. — Every 

 higher animal is itself a working unit. It is one. It has a more 

 or less definite span of life, and every part and organ contributes 

 a certain indispensible part to the life and personality of the 

 organism. No part is capable of propagating itself independ- 

 ently of the sex-organs of the animal nor is it capable of de- 

 veloping sex-organs of its own. If any part is removed, the 

 animal is maimed and perhaps dies. The plant, on the con- 

 trary, has no definite or distinct autonomy. Most plants live an 

 indefinite existence dependent very closely upon the immediate 

 conditions in which they grow. Every part or branch of the 

 plant lives largely for itself ; it is capable of propagating and 

 multiplying itself when removed from the parent or colony of 

 branches of which it is a member and it develops sex-organs 

 and other individual features of its own. If any branch is re- 

 moved, the tree or plant does not necessarily suffer ; in fact, the 

 remaining branches usually profit by the removal, a fact which 

 shows that there is a competition or struggle for existence be- 

 tween the different branches or elements of the plant. — Bailey 

 and Gilbert's ''Plant Breeding/' 



