CONTENTS. 



iii 



CHAPTER IX. 



UPPER SECONDARY FORMATIONS. 



Supermedial Order. (Cretaceous, Oolitic, and Sandstone Groups.— 

 De la Beche.) 



Upper Secondary Rocks : how divided. — Secondary Rocks of 

 England.— New Red Sandstone.— Oolite. — Green Sand. — 

 Chalk.— Flints Page 94 



CHAPTER X. 



tertiary strata. — (Superior order, Conybeare.) 

 (Supra-cretaceous Group of De la Beche.) 

 Tertiary Strata. — What they include. — Lower Tertiary. — Lon- 

 don Clay. — Middle Tertiary. — U. Deshaye's Classification. — 

 Mr. Lyell's Classification.— Eocene. — Miocene. — Pliocene. — 

 Crag. — Sections of the Thames Valley. — Thickness of Ter- 

 tiary Beds in England . . . . . . 109 



CHAPTER XI. 



BASALTIC AND VOLCANIC ROCKS. 



Volcanic Formations. — Trap Rocks. — Mineral Composition. — 

 Augite Rocks.— Basalt. — Greenstone. — Trachyte. — Clink- 

 stone. — Porphyry. — Amygdaloid. — Lava. — Scoriae. — Pumice. 

 — Tuff — Conglomerates. — Wacke. — Whinstone. — Pitch- 

 stone. — Volcano of Kirauea. — Trap Dikes.— Fingal's Cave. — 

 Starfa.— Rocks altered by Dikes. — Faults.— How they cause 

 a Dislocation of Strata *. . . . . . 114 



CHAPTER XII. 



ALLUVIAL AND DILUVIAL DEPOSITES. 



Alluvial Deposites. — Bowlders; — Diluvial. — Mr. Lyell's Theory. 

 — Post Tertiary.— Modern Deposites: Terrestrial, Lacustrine, 

 Fluviatile 129 



CHAPTER XIII. 



AGENTS WHICH DESTROY ROCKS. 



Proofs of Change? on the Rarth's Surface. — Mechanical Agents 

 which destroy Rocks : Rains. Torrents, Rivers, Seas.— 1 'he 

 Atmosphere. — Influence of the Sea upon the Land — In Europe 

 — In America . 132 



