316 COAL-F[E^DS OF VIRGINIA. 



with beds of iron ore, which yield from 34 to 63 1-2 

 per cent, of metallic iron.* 



Our limits do not allow us to enter upon a descrip- 

 tion of the Maryland Coal-field, which lies west of 

 the Back Bone or Alleghany Ridge ; suffice it to say, 

 that it alone would supply this country with coal 

 for a long succession of years. 



COAL-FIELDS OF VIRGINIA. 



The coal-fields of Virginia are numerous and ex- 

 tensive, but a brief description must suffice. That 

 which we would designate as the first coal-field, lies 

 at the junction of the middle and tide-water section, 

 extending from the Pamunky by Richmond to the 

 Appomattox, a distance of about thirty-five miles, 

 with a breadth of from one to eight miles. The 

 coal is bituminous, in seams of enormous thickness, 

 being sometimes thirty, forty, or even sixty feet 

 thick, and of excellent quality. Traces of coal 

 have also been found on both sides of the Upper Ap- 

 pomattox. The coal of the Richmond basin is now 

 largely mined, and sent off in considerable quanti- 

 ties. Anthracite of great purity is found in the val- 

 ley from the Potomac to the James River, south of 

 which it contains a considerable portion of bitumen, 

 but less than that of the ordinary bituminous coal. 

 Beyond the Alleghany there are some of the most 

 extensive and valuable deposites of bituminous coal 

 in the United States, which derive additional value 

 from their being associated with not less important 

 beds of iron and rich salines. At Wheeling, on 

 the Ohio, and for fourteen miles down the river, 

 the bank presents an uninterrupted bed of highly 

 bituminous coal, upward of sixteen feet thick. 

 The Wheeling basin extends about thirty miles up 

 and down the river in Ohio and Virginia. Another 

 vast field stretches from about Clarksburgh, on the 



* On the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 25 cwt. of the Howell 

 coal performed the work of two tons of anthracite. 



