330 IRON OF PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO. 



stone valleys, as those of the Kittatinny, abound in 

 brown iron ore, including the two varieties, hematite 

 and pipe ore ; while nearly the whole series of coal 

 measures contain an equally profuse supply of rich 

 argillaceous ore. When we consider the contiguity 

 of these two minerals, their invaluable adaptation to 

 each other, their exhaustless abundance, how their 

 presence is calculated to stimulate to the cultivation 

 of the useful manufacturing arts, the industry of the 

 people, what a glorious picture of wealth, of activ- 

 ity, of prosperity and happiness, does the contem- 

 plation present ! 



To form some idea of the value and importance 

 of the iron business in Ohio, we present the follow-* 

 ing extract from a report of Dr. Hildreth on the 

 manufactures of the two counties, Scioto and Law- 

 rence, in the year 1836. " The furnaces make an 

 average amount of 1000 tons of pig iron per year, 

 some of them making more than this quantity, and 

 others less. During the past season, pig iron has 

 been worth $40 per ton at the landing, where the 

 metal is delivered to purchasers. Producing an 

 amount of iron worth $250,000 per year, one half 

 of this quantity is made into castings and stoves, 

 directly as the metal flows from the furnace, worth 

 $G0 per ton, which will add $130,000 more to the 

 gross amount, making the sum of $650,000 as the 

 product of these 13 furnaces. The number of fur- 

 naces is steadily on^he increase, several new ones 

 going into operation the present year ; in addition to 

 which, the bar iron manufactured at the forges will 

 swell the present amount to a considerably larger 

 sum. Each furnace employs, on an average, about 

 100 men and 50 yoke of oxen, all of which are fed 

 from produce grown in these counties, and those 

 lying higher up the country on the Ohio and Mus- 

 kingum rivers, affording an extensive home market 

 for large quantities of corn, oats, flour, and bacon, 

 and already nearly as important as that of Cincin- 



