126 



FAULTS AND DIKES. 



Such phenomena have been called faults^ and they 

 exist in England and many other parts of Europe 

 to a much greater extent than in this country. 



The following cut will represent the manner in 

 which the coal-measures are sometimes elevated:* 



Fig. 36. 

 0/"'\0 



The preceding cut represents the section of a coal- 

 field in England, several miles in extent, divided into 

 four compartments, A, B, C, D, by faults, which 

 have raised the strata to different depths from the 

 surface. In the part of the field (A), the main body 

 of coal, X, is 900 feet from the surface, and is cov- 

 ered by various strata of sandstone and shale (Nos. 

 1, 2, 3, &c.). In the part B, the same bed of coal, 

 X, is raised to within 200 feet of the surface, and 

 the strata above are entirely wanting. In the part 

 C, the coal, X, is 700 feet from the surface, and the 

 strata No. 2 is again seen over the coal. In D the 

 coal is brought within 200 feet of the surface, and 

 only a little of the strata 5 is seen. Another thing 

 worthy of notice is, that the surface of the ground 

 above these dislocations is always level, showing 

 that the strata which had been upheaved had been 

 removed by some cause. For example, the part of 

 the coal-field marked B in the above cut has been 



* Bakewell's Geology. 



