X 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATION S. 



Knobby Drift Region, Sources of the Upper Iowa: engraved by W. B. Gihon; on wood by W. 



Croorne, ........... 104 



Marl-Beds, Des Moines ; engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds ; on wood by W. Beckwith, . . 124 

 Carboniferous Limestone, Lizard Fork, Des Moines : engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds ; on wood 



by C E. Dopier, .......... 127 



Last Exposure of Coal-Measures, Des Moines : drawn and engraved on wood by A. Lawrie, . 128 



Hills of Marl, Council Bluffs: engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds; on wood by C. E. Dopier, . 132 



Trap, Dalles of St. Croix: engraved by E. P. Yollum ; on wood by C. E. Dopier, . . 142 



Boulders, Prairies of Iowa : engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds; on wood by W. Beckwith, . 144 



Granite Range, Falls of the Chippewa : engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds; on wood by Dopier, . 147 

 Hornblendic Range, Brunet's Portage : engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds ; on wood by W. 



Beckwith, ........... 156 



Long Lake : engraved by N. On* j on wood by C. Gildeumeister, .... 100 



Red River of the North : engraved by J. Minturn ; on wood by H. W. Herrick, . . 173 



Great Savanna, Red River of the North : engraved by W. Roberts; on wood by S. Walliu, . 175 



Decharge de la Cave: engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Wallin, . . . 183 



Cold-Water Lake : engraved by E. P. Vollum ; on wood by C. E. Dopier, . . . 184 



M'Kay's Mountain : engraved by E. J. Whitney ; on wood by Darley, .... 185 



Tilled Strata on Lake Superior: engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds; on wood by C. E. Dopier, 193 



Mauvaises Terres, or Bad Lands : engraved by E. P. Vollum; on wood by C. E. Dopier, . 196 

 Portrait of the Author: engraved by E. P. Vollum; on wood by S. Wallin, from a Daguerreo- 

 type by Root, . . . . . . . . . .206 



Falls of Cariboo River: engraved by E. P. Vollum; on wood by C. E. Dopier, . . . 208 



Natural Arch in Sandstone, Lake Superior: engraved by N. Orr; on wood by C. Gildenmcister, . 268 



Fond du Lac: engraved by W. Roberts; on wood by H. W. Herrick, .... 271 



Mauitou : drawn and engraved on wood by W. B. Gihon, ..... 318 



Arch, in Sandstone and Shale : engi-aved by Richardson & Cox ; on wood by S. Wallin, . . 352 



Cluster of Basaltic Columns : drawn and engraved on wood by W. B. Gihon, . . . 358 



Great Palisades : engraved by N. Orr ; on wood by W. Wade, ..... 363 



Dome-shaped Columnar Rock : drawn and engraved on wood by W. B. Gihon, . . . 366 



Falls of Manidowish River : engraved by Bobbett & Edmonds : on wood by C. E. Dopier, . 367 



Volcanic Grits, Inaonaui River : engraved by J. W. Orr ; on wood by W. Wade, . . 375 



Falls of Kawimbash : engraved by Richardson & Cox ; on wood by S. Wallin, . . . 378 



Gorge of Kawimbash River: engraved by T. F. Baker; on wood by C E. Dopier, . . 379 



Arch in Amygdaloid : drawn and engraved on wood by N. Orr, ..... 382 



Gorge and Falls of Kamauosisatikag : engraved by N. Orr; on wood by C. Gildeumeister, . 383 



Basaltic Columns, Lake Superior: engraved by J. W. Orr; on wood by S. Wade, . . 384 



Columnar Basalt : engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Walliu, . . . 386 



Overflow of Trap, Lake Superior: engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Wallin, . 391 

 Cluster of Inclined Basaltic Columns, Lake Superior: engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood 



by S. Wallin, . . . . . . . . .392 



Dike of Columnar Basalt, Lake Michigan: engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Wallin, 401 



Trap over Slate, Lake Superior : engraved by Richardson & Cox ; on wood by S. Wallin, . 403 



Enclosed dike of Columnar Basalt: engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Wallin, . 405 



Escarpment of slate, Lac du Coq; engraved by N. Orr; on wood by C. Gildenmeister, . . 410 



Hills of Slate, Mud Lake : engraved by J. W. Orr ; on wood by W. Wade, . . . 414 



Escarpment of Slate, Mud Lake : engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Wallin, . 414 



Escarpment of Slate : drawn and engraved on wood by W. B. Gihon, .... 415 



Wooded Slope and Escarpment of Slate : engraved by Richardson & Cox; on wood by S. Wallin, 416 



Basaltic Columns resting on Sedimentary Rocks : drawn and engraved on wood by W. B. Gihon, . 418 

 Falls of Kettle River : engraved by Richardson & Cox ; on wood by S. Wallin ; after a sketch by 



F. B. Meek, .......... 527 



Dalles of Kettle River : engraved by W. Roberts ; on wood by S. Wallin, . . . 528 

 Upwards of one hundred and seventy short sections, by W. B. Gihon, A. Lawrie, and E. P. Vollum, 



interspersed through the text. 



