OF WISCONSIN AND MINNESOTA. 



155 



river, but no crystalline rocks are visible above the level of high water. The sand- 

 stones at this locality are remarkable for their cross lines of deposition. 



The beds lie in the following succession, from above downwards, as measured by 

 Mr. Randall : 



1. Drift, 10 



2. Soft, white sandstones, with thin, schistose layers between the beds, 10 



3. Fine pebbly sandstone, with oblique laminations, ... 8 



4. Hard, thin layers of sandstone, ..... 9 



5. Sandstone with brown streaks; schistose layers interlaminated, . 8 



6. Hard brown sandstone, in layers from 1 to 4 inches, 1 6 



7. Soft, white sandstone, with remarkable oblique lines of deposition, 



the angles varying from 15° to 45°, .... 5 



8. Fine pebbly sandstone, ...... 5 



9. Fine pebbly sandstone, with oblique lines of lamination, . . 6 



10. Schistose layers of sandstone, ..... 6 



11. White sandstone, with layers of fine pebbles, ... 8 



12. Soft, white sandstone, ...... 6 



13. Pebbly sandstone, the pebbles about the size of a pea, 2 feet above 



water, ....... 2 



These sandstones have a dip to the south-southwest, sometimes to the extent of 

 10°. They are seen in the cuts of the streams to within a mile of Vermilion Rapids, 

 where the pebbly sandstone is exposed for fifteen feet, overlying crystalline rocks, 

 and shows apparent marks of disturbance and dislocation. Three miles west of this 

 junction, Lingula sandstone, F. 1, c, caps the hills. 



Six or seven miles above Cut Rock, there is a portage of four and a half miles 

 over Vermilion Rapids. Here there is a greater variety of rocks than on the Falls 

 of the Chippewa. In the space of one mile, I observed fine and coarse-grained 

 granite, with masses and veins of pink and white felspar, hornblende rock, gneiss 

 traversed by veins of quartz and petrosilex, mica-slate passing into chlorite-slate. 

 The lamination of the schistose rocks is nearly vertical, and their bearing at different 

 places varies from 10° to 20° north and south of a due east and west course. At the 

 time I was there, the high water prevented a critical examination ; but Mr. Randall, 

 in his descent from the Manidowish, passed afterwards over this Rapid, in October, 

 when the water was quite low, and made some additional observations. He found 

 gneiss and hornblende rock to prevail ; the former much contorted, and traversed 

 by pyramidal dykes of massive quartz, running into a petrosiliceous rock of a gray 

 colour. On the southeast bank, resting on the crystalline rocks, are drift deposits, in 

 the following order : 



Feet. Inches. 



1. Soil, ........ 15 



2. Subsoil, light yellow sand, ..... 15 



3. Fine drift, pebbles not over half an inch in diameter, . . 4 



4. Coarse drift, pebbles chiefly crystalline and trappean rocks, . 4 



5. Red, marly drift, pebbles chiefly red sandstone, ... 4 



6. Coarse drift, with dark yellow sand, . . . . 15 



