348 



DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY 



a northeasterly and southwesterly direction. It is very tough, weathers with a 

 nodulated iron-shot crust, and resembles in all respects that seen at the mouth of 

 Kawimbash River. After passing this ridge, No. 402 is found resting on the green- 

 stone, and fifty yards further up it is overlaid by a bed of trap similar to that found 

 at the mouth of the river. 



The dip of the bedded rocks is changed to east-northeast, at an angle of 18°. 

 These rocks are overlaid by clay, marl, and drift-beds. The clays and marls are 

 bedded, and about thirty feet in thickness. The upper part, or that immediately 

 under the drift, is yellowish-coloured, the remainder red. Over these beds is about 

 eight feet of drift. Some of the boulders are remarkably large, and all well-worn 

 and rounded. Above the drift is a deposit of red clayey marl, three feet thick, 

 which is thinly laminated, and bears great resemblance to the beds overlying the 

 drift on the Mississippi. 



The point of rocks immediately below Passabika River shows, in the most satis- 

 factory manner, proofs of ancient glacial action, in numerous grooves and scratches. 

 Their course is south 46° west, and exactly at right angles with the dip or inclina- 

 tion of the rock on which they are found, showing, conclusively, that the action of 

 the present lake ice could have had nothing to do with their production ; as in that 

 case, the ice would have descended the inclined plane to the Lake, and produced 

 grooves having a southeast direction. 



Another proof of their having been produced at a former period, and by other 

 agents than those now engaged in modifying the lake-shore, is, that where the 

 rock (No. 600) has been broken up by the action of present causes, so as to fall 

 below the general level of the rock, the grooves and scratches disappear, and again 

 reappear beyond the recently degraded places. 



This rock (No. 600) forms the lake-shore as far as the middle of the second bay 

 below the mouth of Passabika River, where it is overlaid by No. 595, which is tra- 

 versed by a narrow dike of No. 601. The metamorphosed rock in contact with the 

 dike (No. 602), is still more highly changed. It dips southeast 8°. A short dis- 

 tance further on is another dike, sixteen feet wide, with the same bearing, and ac- 

 companied by a spar vein six inches in width. These dikes hade slightly to the 

 northwest. They are prismatic, and the joints horizontal. Near these dikes the 

 metamorphosed rocks (No. 398) contain many large druses, filled with crystals of 

 quartz and calcareous spar (No. 399). The last-mentioned dike, which seems to 

 have an easterly course, does not cut entirely through the bedded rocks at some 

 places, but appears rather to terminate in a number of strings, as shown in the an- 

 nexed figure. 



A little further on is a dike bearing north 5° east, traversing No. 595, which 

 continues up the extreme eastern point of the bay, becoming, as it is removed fur- 

 ther and further from the influence of the dike, decidedly shaly and thinly lami- 



a 



a 



a, a, Dike, b, Metamorphosed rock, syenitic. 



