EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



613 



SaxifragaceyE. — Saxifraga Pennsylvania, (L.) May. Bogs. St. Croix. Heuchera Richardsonii, 

 (R. Br.) June. A common plant, characteristic of dry rolling prairies. Iowa and Minnesota. Mitclla 

 djphylla, (L.) May. Shady hillsides. St. Croix. Mitella nuda, (L.) Deep woods. Upper St. 

 Croix. Chrysosplenium Americanum, (Schwein.) Northern brooks. Upper St. Croix. 



Umbellifer/E. — Hydrocotyle Americana, (L.) August. Springy places. Falls of St. Croix. Sanicula 

 Canadensis, (L.) June. Blue Earth Puver. Sanicula Marilandica, (L.) June. Blue Earth River. 

 Eryngium aquaticum, (L.) Rattlesnake root. Moist prairies. Iowa and Illinois. Polytaenia Nuttalli, 

 (D. C.) June. Prairies near Davenport, Iowa. Heracleum lanatum, (Michx.) Moist banks of the 

 St. Peter's River. Archemora rigida, (D. C.) August. Banks of streams. Iowa. Archangelica 

 atropurpurea, (Hoffm.) xVlder swamps on St. Croix River. Thaspium barbinode, (Nutt.) June. Woods. 

 Blue Earth River. Thaspium auerum, (Nutt.) May. High prairies. St. Croix and St. Peter's. Zizia 

 aurea. (Koch.) Moist places on prairies. St. Peter's. Zizia integerrima, (D. C.) June. Dry banks of rivers. 

 Iowa. Cicuta rnaculata, (L.) June. Poison hemlock. Covering acres in succession in rich moist prairies, 

 in the interior of Iowa. Cicuta bulbifcra, (L.) August. Margins of lakes. St. Croix. Sium latifo- 

 lium, (L.) River margins. St. Croix. Cryptotenia Canadensis, (D. C.) Rich woods throughout 

 the Northwest. Chasrophyllum procumbens, (Law.) May. Rock Island, Illinois. Osmorrhiza longi- 

 stylis, (D. C.) May. Sweet Cicely. Woods. St. Peter's and St. Croix. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, (D. C.) 

 St. Croix. 



Araliaceye. — Aralia racemosa, (L.) Spikenard. Rich woods in the Northwest. Aralia nudicaulis, 

 (L.) Wild Sarsaparilla. Shady hillsides, throughout the Northwest. Aralia hispida, (Michx.) August. 

 Trap rocks. Falls of St. Croix. Panax quinquefolium, (L.) Ginseng. Rock Island, 111. 



CornacEjE. — Cornus alternifolia, (L.) Dogwood. St. Peter's and St. Croix. Cornus circinata, 

 (L'Hen.) June. Banks of the St. Peter's. Cornus sericea, (L.) June. Moist banks of streams. 

 Upper Mississippi, St. Peter's, &c. This is the only shrub extensively known and prized as the 

 genuine " Kinnikinnic," or smoking ingredient, in such general use among all the Indian tribes of the 

 Northwest. In those sections of country where this species is not found, other barks or leaves are 

 resorted to as substitutes; but wherever this species is found, it takes preference over all others. The 

 dried inner bark is the part used, being mixed for smoking with equal parts of tobacco, to which it is 

 said to impart an agreeable pungency. Cornus stolonifera, (Michx.) May. Wet rocky banks of 

 streams. St. Croix and Lake Superior. This is the most common substitute for the genuine Kinnikinnic 

 by the Indians about Lake Superior. Its common name of Red Osier or Willow, has introduced con- 

 siderable confusion into the popular synonymy. I am not informed of any species of Salix (or Willow 

 proper), being used for Kinnikinnic. Cornus paniculata, (L'Hen.) July. Thickets on Blue Earth 

 River. Cornus asperifolia, (Michx.) July. Blue Earth River. Cornus Canadensis, (L.) Pine woods. 

 St. Croix. 



CAPRiFOLiACEiE. — Linnsea borealis, (Gronov.) Deep pine woods and cedar swamps. Upper St. Croix 

 and Lake Superior. Symphoricarpus raccmosus, (Michx.) June. Snow-berry. A very common shrub on 

 the St. Peter's. Lonicera parviflora, (Lam.) May. Wild Honeysuckle. St. Croix. Lonicera ciliata, 

 (Muhl.) Twin Honeysuckle. Upper St. Croix. Diervilla trifida, (Moonch.) June. Hillsides. St. 

 Croix. This plant is in use among the Indians as a diuretic. Triosteum perfoliatum, (L.) June. 

 Copses and river banks. Iowa and Minnesota. Sambucus Canadensis, (L.) Common elder. Abun- 

 dant on the Lower St. Peter's. Sambucus pubens, (Michx.) May. Stillwater, Minnesota. Viburnum 

 Lentago, (L.) June. Banks of the St. Peter's. Viburnum dentatum, (L.) Arrow wood. St. 

 Peter's. Viburnum pubescens, (Pursh.) May. St. Croix. Viburnum acerifolium, (L.) " Grand Portage 

 Trail" from Lake Superior to the Upper St. Croix. Viburnum Opulus, (L.) May. St. Croix, north 

 to Lake Superior. Cranberry bush. The fruit of this handsome and frequently prolific shrub, when 

 freshly gathered, and fully ripe, furnishes a grateful repast to the traveller in these northern regions. 



RuBiACEiE. — Galium asprellum, (Michx.) Thickets. St. Croix. Galium trifidum, (L.) Small Bed 

 Straw. Common. Galium triflorum, (Michx.) June. Rich woods. St. Peter's. Galium boreale, 

 (L.) June. High prairies. St. Peter's. Cephalanthus occidentalis, (L.) Springy places. Common. 

 Hedyotis longifolia, (Hook.) July. Exposed granite rocks. Upper St. Peter's. Falls of St. Croix. 

 Mitchella repens, (L.) Pine woods. St. Croix. 



Valerian ace jE . — Valeriana edulis, (Nutt.) Upper Mississippi. May. This widely-spread western 

 plant, which was formerly described in Torrey and Gray's Flora as a distinct species, ( V. ciliata,) is now 



