40 



OUTLINES OF GEOLOGY. 



gravel, or frequently ferruginous pudding stones. Diamonds 

 have been found only in such formations, and the principal 

 localities are in Brazil, Hindostan, and Borneo ; they have also 

 been discovered in North Carolina and Siberia. Diluvial gold 

 is found, although rarely, in Europe ; in considerable abun- 

 dance in Asia on the slope of the Ourals, and near Ekatarin- 

 enburgh ; and on the western coast of Africa, The richest 

 formations of this description are in Brazil and Columbia. 

 Those of the Carolinas and Georgia are, perhaps, little less 

 so, but are not so profitably worked, in consequence of the 

 high price of labour. 



86. No vestiges of man, or of his works, have yet been 

 found in these formations, and, of the other mammalia, pro- 

 bably no living species. Of existing genera, but extinct 

 species, we find — one of elephant ; two of Hippopotamus ; 

 four of Rhinoceros ; one of the horse ; two of the tapir ; 

 several of the deer tribe ; an urus ; four species of bears ; 

 the fossil hysena, &c. Of extinct genera are found — the 

 megolonix and megatherium, belonging to the family of 

 sloths ; and of extinct families, the mastodon., belonging to the 

 order of pachydermata, and approaching, in structure, to the 

 family of Elephants. Reptiles, birds, and fishes, are rare in 

 these formations. 



Of moluscous animals, the genera found in diluvium are 

 all such as at present exist, and the species also appear to be 

 identical. 



ORDER IV. VOLCANIC, 



87. Volcanic rocks are still to be seen ejected in a liquid 

 form from openings in the solid crust of the earth ; and the 

 inference is unavoidable, that all identical rocks found in 

 similar positions are of like origin. The openings whence 



