OUTLINES OF GEOLOGY. 



25 



offish, a single scale is sufficient for the same purpose. For 

 bringing the first method to perfection we are indebted to 

 Cuvier, and for the latter to Agassiz. It is, however, due to 

 one of our own countrymen, the late Dr. S. L. Mitchell, to 

 mention, that more than twenty-five years ago, he publicly 

 stated, that he was aware of the possibility of classifying fish 

 from no more than a single scale, and had made some pro- 

 gress in such determinations. 



51. The vegetable kingdom is made up of three grand 

 divisions, viz: — 



1. Agamia; 



2. Cryptogamiap 



3. Phanerogamia. 



52. Of Agamia, two families only are found in the fossil 

 state, the Confervas and Algae. 



53. Cryptogamia form two series, the cellular and the 

 vascular. Of the former the family of Mosses, and of the 

 latter those of Equisetae, Ferns, Chara, Lycopodia, Marsilia, 

 are found fossil. 



54. Of the Phanerogamia there are three series, — the 

 gymnosperms, the monocotyledons, and the dicotyledons. Of 

 gymnosperms, two families, the cycades and the coniferae ; — 

 of monocotyledons, the naiads, palms, lilies, grasses ; — of di- 

 cotyledons, Amentae, Juglans, Acer, Nymphaea, besides vari- 

 ous specimens whose families cannot be easily determined, 

 are found in the fossil state. 



Our limits and object do not permit us to enter fully on 

 this subject. 



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