41 



The remaining elements, industry, government, and re- 

 ligion, were still intimately blended together. A successive 

 separation was necessary for the purpose of allowing each an 

 opportunity of being developed, or carried out into all its pos-* 

 sible applications. Of these yet enveloped elements, that of 

 government, or the state, was predominant. As religion 

 was the central element of the east, so was government that 

 of the Greek and Roman movement. Arbund this, as a nu- 

 cleus, gathered all the others. To strengthen the patriotic love 

 of country, industry lent its application, religion her inspira- 

 tion, philosophy her deductions, and the arts their living can- 

 vas and chisseled monument. 



The Greek formed a part of his state. Its acts were, there- 

 world. It had been hallowed by the achievements of his 

 forefathers. To it belonged the dawn of his infancy, the 

 blo(*m of his youth, the vigor of his manhood, the decay of 

 his age. Had he affections? that, was their centre. Had 

 he powers of action ? that furnished motives for thejr exer- 

 cise. It embodied all that was beautiful, all that "was inter- 

 esting, all that was lovely, all that was worth'liting for, all 

 that was worth dying for. Beneath him was- the Grecian . 

 soil ; around him Grecian monuments ; above him the abodes 

 of Grecian gods. The Spartan cheerfully consented to the 

 division of his lands among his countrymen ; to use iron as 

 the medium in exchanging his commodities ; to lay. aside all 

 personal distinction at the public meals ; because his own 

 loved Sparta required the sacrifice. The Athenian appealed 

 to the strength of his nation's -ties, of his nation's spirit, when 

 he resigned his cherished Athens to the mercy of a Persian 

 foe. To preserve his nation, He abandoned the monuments 

 of his art ; the sepulchers of his sires ; the shrines of his 



Individual worth during this era is estimated from the ex- 

 tent of individual sacrifice. The nation was the actor. The 

 wave of Salamis ; the straits of Therrtiopylae ; the plain of 

 Marathon ; the field of Cannae ; Carthage in ashes ; a de- 



