168 



osborn: OLIGOCENE, MIOCENE, PLIOCENE EQUID.E. 



fossette]; (3) its long diameter is considerably less than half that of the crown; (4) extreme simplicity of the enamel 

 borders of the lakes; (5) pli caballin, also a crochet fold in prefossette; (6) metastyle narrowed and not flattened; (7) 

 parastyle more flattened. 



Gidley (1901, p. 124) refers this animal to Pliohippus. 



Matthew (1913) places it in the same group as Pliohippus 7iobilis Osborn, an animal which it equals in size while it 

 considerably exceeds P. supremus and P. pernix. 



Matthew adds the following characters of the type and referred specimens (Amer. Mus. 10624) from the same 

 formation and locality. (1) size very large, teeth comparatively elongate and narrow, and only moderately curved; 

 (3) protocone large; (4) fossettes moderately wide; (5) enamel borders relatively simple; (6) metastylid-metaconid 

 pillars forming a very wide column on inferior premolars, with a wide, shallow groove, which continues to base of 

 tooth; (7) metastylid pillar flattened obliquely by the groove; (8) m 3 elongate, simple, oval; (9) mesostyle of p 2 very 

 heavy, parastyle narrow to compressed. 



Fig. 135. Type and paratype of Pliohippus cumminsii Cope, Univ. Texas Coll. (type, cast Am. Mus. 14393). (7) 

 Original figure of type. After Cope, 1893, PI. xx, fig. 7. (1) Original figure of one of the paratypes. After Cope, 1893, PI. 

 xxiii, fig. 1. (3, d) Paratype, crown and posterior views, new drawing. (4, d) Type, crown and posterior views, new 

 drawing. All figures natural size. 



Pliohippus cumminsii Cope, 1893. 

 Plate 24.3,4. Text Fig. 135. 



Equus cumminsii, Cope, Cope, Edw. D. "A Preliminary Report on the Vertebrate Paleontology of the Llano Estacado," Fourth 

 Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, (1892) 1893, p. 67, type, PI. xx, fig. 7, paratype, PI. xxiii, fig. 1. 



Horizon and locality. — Mount Blanco, Crosby County, Texas, Blanco formation, Middle Pliocene. Name of col- 

 lector not given. 



