$2 Topographical Sketch of the State of New- York. 



The following tables of ascents and descents will serve to give 

 a correct idea of the general configuration of the surface of the 

 whole of the first division of the state, or that part situated be- 

 tween the Hudson and Lake Erie. 



No. 1, is a section in an east and west direction from the Hud- 

 son to Lake Erie. It commences at the level of tide in the river, 

 and passes over the several ridges to the village of Bath, in Stu- 

 ben county, and then crosses the high table land to Lake Erie.— 

 No. 2, also begins on the Hudson, at Kingston landing, and fol- 

 lows principally the vallies of streams along the Pennsylvania 

 line to Bath, where it intersects with No. 1.— Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 

 8 and 9, are sections at right angles to Nos. 1 and 2. The five 

 last, pass from points on the south shore of Ontario up the slope 

 of the great depression which contains this lake, to the summit of 

 the table land, and then down the valley of streams to the Susque- 

 hanna and the Allegany rivers. — No. 3, is from a point in the val- 

 ley of the Mohawk, and passes over the ridge to the head waters 

 of the Susquehanna, and then descends this river to the Pennsyl- 

 vania line.— No. 4, extends entirely across the state, from the St. 

 Lawrence to the Susquehanna river, and exhibits the deep de- 

 pression of the Mohawk valley below the level of the ridges on 

 each side. 



The several distances given in these tables are in most cases 

 straight lines, measured from point to point on a map, but the ele- 

 vations are all from actual surveys, made at the expense of the 



The elevations in table No. 1, between the Hudson river and 

 Bath, are from the survey of William Morell, Esq. The remain- 

 ing elevations of this table, as well as those in No. 2, are from the 

 personal survey of the writer of this article. The elevations in 

 both these tables were taken under the direction of Messrs Ham- 

 mond, Morell and Pitcher, as commissioners to explore the route 

 of a state road through the southern tier of counties, in 1825. No. 

 3, is from the survey of Dr. William Campbell and De Witt Clin- 

 ton, Jun. The remaining six tables were taken from the reports 

 and>aps of Messrs Geddes, Roberts, Hutchinson, Young and 

 Whippo, engineers employed by the canal commissioners to ex- 

 plore the routes of 15 proposed canals, in 1825. 



It must be premised with regard to these heights, that as they 

 are points on routes explored for roads and canals, they are the 

 elevations of the lowest passes near the line of survey," and are 

 consequently less than the general height of the several ridges. 



