ANIMAL MECHANIC?. 



87 



If we solve equation (15) for F, the friction experienced, 

 we shall have 



F=P F, 



where P denotes the strength of the tendon necessary for 

 safety, and P' denotes the actual force of the muscle. 



Assuming, for the present, that the cross section of the 

 free muscle is to the cross section of the free tendon in the 

 proportion of 2.8.2 : 1, as in the case of the biceps humeri and 

 its radial tendon, we find the following frictions for the several 

 muscles : — 



Table XV. — Comparison of the Strength of Tendon, the 

 Force of Muscle, and the Force consumed in Friction, in 

 several Muscles of Man. 



Biceps, .... 

 Palmaris long., . . 

 Ext. carp. rad. long., 

 Ext. carp. rad. brev., 

 Biceps humeri (long £ 

 head), . . . . J 

 PI. poll, long., . . 

 Fl. carp, rad., . . 

 Ext. carp, uln., . . 

 Fl. dig. subl., . . 

 Fl. dig. prof., . . 

 Ext. oss. met. poll., 

 Fl. carp, uln., . . 

 Fl. dig. long, ped., . 

 Fl. hall, long, . . 



p 



Strength of 

 Tendon. 



P' 

 Force of 

 Muscle. 



F 



Friction, 

 &c. 



Friction, <fcc, 

 per cent. 



91.78 lbs. 



91.78 lbs. 



0.00 lbs. 



o.c percent. 



16.19 ,, 



15.18 „ 



1. 01 ,, 



6-2 „ 



64.49 » 



59-89 » 



4.60 



7-i „ 



63.62 „ 



41-53 „ 



22.09 „ 



34-7 „ 



61.31 » 



38.86 „ 



22-45 „ 



36.6 „ 



41-93 » 



23-38 „ 



18. „ 



44.2 „ 



44.82 



24.00 „ 



20.82 ,, 



46.4 „ 



57.55 „ 



21.74 



35-81 „ 



62.2 ,, 



i9 2 -3i » 



63-38 „ 



'28.93 „ 



67.0 „ 



268.37 „ 



78.76 „ 



189.61 „ 



70.7 „ 



83.56 „ 



22.87 » 



60.69 » 



72.6 „ 



73-45 „ 



18.66 „ 



54-79 » 



74-5 » 



69.40 „ 









75-19 » 









In order to compare the relative cross sections of the mus- 

 cles and tendons of other animals with those of man, given in 

 Table XIV., I destroyed, on the 21st March, 1868, a large 

 Pyrenean mastiff bitch, by strychnia, and proceeded to inves- 



