90 



ANIMAL MECHANICS. 



sections of free muscle and free tendon, we may readily obtain 

 the following Table : — 



TABLE XIX. — Comparison of the Strength of Tendon and Force 

 [of Muscle in the Pyrenean Mastiff. 



Muscle. 



Tendon. 



Force of Muscle. 



Friction, &c. *fcc. 



i. Gastrocnemius, . . . 



100 



IOO 



O 



2. Fl. carp, rad., .... 



100 



94.8 



5-2 



3. Fl. dig. longus, . . . 



100 



83.6 



16.4 



4. Ext. carp, rad., . . . 



100 



78.1 



21.9 



5. Fl. carp, uln., .... 



IOO 



62.1 



37.9 



6. Fl. hall, long 



IOO 



58.9 



41. 1 



7. Biceps humeri (scapular) 

 tendon), j 



IOO 



39-9 



• 60.1 



8. Fl. dig. subl., .... 



IOO 



25.1 



74-9 



9. Fl. dig. prof., .... 



IOO 



21.2 



78.8 



10. Ext. carp, uln., . . . 



IOO 



18.2 



81 8 



The results exhibited by the preceding Table are similar 

 to those shown in Table XV., for human muscles. In both 

 cases, the muscles whose tendons are exposed to the greatest 

 amount of friction, are those which transmit the least force to 

 their points of application. Thus, in the mastiff, the flexor 

 sublimis and flexor profundus lose, by friction, a much greater 

 portion of their original force than the comparatively free 

 tendons of the radial and ulnar flexors of the wrist ; and more 

 than the radial extensor of the wrist, while the ulnar extensor 

 of the same joint resembles the flexors of the fingers in its 

 proportionately large loss of force transmitted. 



The following observations were made on the muscles and 

 tendons of a Wallaby Kangaroo : — 



The gastrocnemius muscle weighed 2.93 oz. av., and one 

 inch of its central portion weighed in air, 356.9 grs. ; in water, 



doubt, real, for the dog's tendon is stronger than that of man ; at the same time 

 it is worth while to notice the similarity of the coefficients of the scapular head 

 of the biceps. 



