ANIMAL MECHANICS. 



405 



The following facts are evident from an inspection of this 

 Table : — 



i °. The great developement of the walking muscles in Man. 



2°. The great deficiency of the grasping (or hand-like) 

 action in the foot of Man. 



We may also remark that in both these respects the New 

 World Monkeys come nearer to Man than either the Gorilla 

 or Chimpanzee.* 



The deficiency of grasping action in the foot of Man, 

 stated as a physical constant characteristic of him, fully jus- 

 tifies the title of Quadrumanous applied by Cuvier to the 

 Apes, and denied by him to Man. 



In the next Table, I have resolved the walking muscles 

 into their component parts : — 



Walking Muscles of Man and Quadrumans. 





Gastro- 

 cnemido- 

 Solae.us. 



Tibialis 

 posticus. 



Plantaris. 



I. 



Man, .... 



52- 15 



8.60 



1.48 



2. 



Gorilla, . . . 



28. 30 



8.49 





3- 



Chimpanzee, . . 



32.64 



9 18 



0. 48 



4- 



Hamadryas, . . 



3902 



4.2c 



4. 20 



5- 



Cynomolgus, 



34- '7 



2.71 



3 39 



6. 



Mandrill, . . . 



33-76 



3- H 



3. 69 



7- 



Rhesiip . . . 



?6. 72 



3- 14 



4 79 





Ateles, .... 



48.57 



6-39 





If we now examine the muscles of the Shoulder joint and 

 Hand, we shall find the same profound differences between 

 Man and the Quadrumans as in the Hip joint and Foot. 



In the Shoulder muscles, Man is characterised by the 

 Dresence of — 



i°. Levator angidi scapula? ; 



2°. Distinct Pectoralis major and minor ; 



* Fnressor Huxley, some years ago, directed my attention to the remarkable 

 power of standing and walking erect, possessed by the Spider Monkey; an obser- 

 vation fully confirmed on mechanical grounds by the foregoing Table. 



