422 ANIMAL MECHANICS. 



Muscular Type of Wings of Birds. 







Scapu- 



Abduc- 



Plexors. 



Exten- 



Adduc- 



Total 







lar. 



tors. 



sors. 



tors. 



weight. 







Per 



Per 



Per 



Per 



Per 



Oz. av. 







cent. 



cent. 





cent. 







... 





13.04 



IO.90 



2.03 



fir -o 

 °5 • *3 



14. 22 



2. 







19.05 



8-49 



4 8l 



65.01 



19- 32 



3- 



Dorking Cock, .... 



4.40 



28-35 



5-3 8 



3- 11 



5». 76 



r 3- l 9 



4- 



Aylesbury Duck, . 



3-67 



20.25 



7- 8 3 



3-S 1 



64.74 



6.13 



5' 







I 3-°7 



1 1 . 65 



1 . 26 



DO. 51 



6-35 



6. 





2.58 



26. 29 



6. 50 



4. 18 





4.07 



7- 





3.12 



19. 20 



8.50 



3- °9 



66.O9 



21.45 



8. 



Stork, 





17.68 



8.62 





68.O7 



12 89 



9- 



Common Heron, . . . 



5.31 



14.40 



6.76 



3.38 



70.I5 



5* 18 



IO. 



Squacco Heron, . . . 



3-86 



14.26 



4.69 



2. 52 



74.67 



2.98 



i r. 





2-43 



20.58 



8.53 

 7.58 



3-55 



64.9I 



4-93 

 8.89 



12. 



White-headed Eagle, 



3- 84 



20.47 



5-4i 



62.7O 



13- 







13-93 



6 97 



1.23 



75-82- 



2.44 



14. 







18.73 



5.22 



2.63 



68.20 



o.94 



15. 



Falcon, 



4.30 



22.18 



9.27 



3-97 



60.28 



1. 5i 

 1.89 



16. 





7.16 



23.88 



7.69 



5.3o 



55-97 



r 7- 



WekaEail, 



I0.43 



29.56 



13-04 



6.95 



40.02 



0.58 



If we compare the adductor muscles of any of the birds 

 (ranging from 40 tq 76 per cent.) with the adductor muscles of 

 the Felidae, Canidae, Man, and the Quadrumans, already given, 

 we shall see at a glance how peculiar is the type of the mus- 

 cular arrangements of the wing of the Bird, and how hopeless 

 it would be to expect that any of the other types could attempt 

 to fly, even if aided by mechanical contrivances to increase 

 the surface exposed to the air. And yet the muscular type 

 of the wing of the Bird, differing profoundly as it does from 

 the corresponding type of the fore-limbs of the other animals, 

 is composed of groups of muscles bearing the same names, 

 and fulfilling similar functions. 



The skilful artizan can produce from the same number of 

 wheels and pinions either a clock or a roasting jack, fulfilling 

 the very different functions of marking time, and of roasting 

 meat. An ignorant but intelligent savage, who was shown 

 the interior of these machines, would come to the conclusion 



