424 ANIMAL MECHANICS. 



Muscular Type of Wings of Bats. 





Pteropus 

 edulis. 



Epomo- 

 pnorus 

 Whitii. 



Scapular. 



3. Serratus magnus, .... 



4. Levator anguli scapulae, . . 



5. Omo-Atlanticus, .... 



Abductors. 



1. Deltoideus — 



(a.) Clavicular, .... 



2. Occipito-pollicalis, .... 



Flexors. 



3. Latissimus dorsi, .... 



Extensors. 



Adductors. 



1. Coraco-brachialis, .... 



2. Pectoralis major, .... 



3. Pectoralis quartus, . . . . 



Per cent. 

 4-36 

 I.80 



II.80 



0.80 



2.99 

 4.58 

 2.00 



2.39 

 I OO 



1.80 

 1.60 

 1.60 

 0.20 



4. 20 



6.18 



2.60 



II. 18 



0. 60 



1. 00 



36.12 



1. 20 



Per cent. 

 5.00 

 2.14 



11.43 

 2.14 



1-43 



2.14 

 3-57 

 2.14 



1.43 

 1.44 

 1-43 

 2.14 



4.30 

 6.42 

 2.85 



8-57 

 O.71 



2.86 



35-OI 

 2.85 





IOO 



IOO 



Oz. av. 



Total weight, . . 2-51 



Oz. av. 

 0-70 



This Table suggests many interesting reflections, arising 

 from the great number of muscles employed, as compared 

 with those of birds ; but we must pass on to other subjects, 

 noting merely the bird-like power of the adductor muscles. 



In Swimming Animals we find, as might be expected, a 

 type of muscular structure of the fore-limb, which in many 

 respects approaches to that of the Flying Animals ; for the 

 act of swimming resembles that of flying in water instead of 

 air. I have selected the following animals to illustrate the 

 swimming type of the fore-limb : — 



