460 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



minal spurs. Male with ventral shields; prsegenital shield between genital pore and 

 capitulum; 2 lateral epimeral shields, more or less surrounding the coxae and stig- 

 mata; a genito-anal shield of elongate pentagonal form between genital pore and 

 anus; an anal shield, triangular, ogival, or circular, caudad of preceding, the ante- 

 rior apex encircling the anus, the base formed by the posterior margin of the body; 

 two adanal, quadrangular shields parallel to the anal shield. Scutum leaving an 

 uncovered lateral and posterior margin; postero-marginal festoons absent. Stigmata 

 oval. 



Female. — With three dorsal longitudinal posterior grooves on the ventral surface; 

 two long genital grooves extending from the vulva and diverging caudad, and two 

 anal grooves united in front of the anus, parallel or divergent in back, rarely conver- 

 gent. Stigmata circular. 



Type species. — Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus). 



This genus has been the collective group for the ticks, naturalists 

 who were unfamiliar with the family placing in Ixodes any species 

 which they believed to be new. Many of the forms are to-day unrec- 

 ognizable, as they have been described on insufficient characters. 



pp. 351-356.— Chabrier (1807) .—Leach, 1815, pp. 397-399.— Heyden, 1826, 

 p. 610.— Kisso, 1826, p. 182.— Burmeister, 1837, p. 579.— Koch, 1844, p. 

 231.— Idem, 1847, pp. 20-23.— Gervais, 1844, p. 234-251.— Idem, 1847, p. 

 351, 352.— Gervais & van Beneden, 1859, pp. 460, 461.— Grube, 1859, p. 455.— 

 FtiRSTENBERG, 1861, p. 208. — Moquin-Tandon, 1861, p. 304. — Gerstaecker, 

 1863, p. 344.— Lucas, 1866, p. Ivii.— Verrill, 1870, pp. 116-118.— Murray, 

 1877, pp. 187, 190-195.— Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877, pp. 178, 179-186, 187.— 

 Megnin, 1880a, pp. 121-132, 320-322.— Idem, 1880b, p. 603.— Idem, 1895, p. 

 354.— Haller, 1882, pp. 309-311.— Berlese, 1885, p. 131.— Braun, 1883, pp. 

 211,212.— Idem, 1895, p. 257.--Raymondaud (1885).— Lud wig, 1886, p. 612.— 

 Railliet, 1886, pp. 496-499.— Idem, 1893, pp. 706-710.— Neumai^n, 1888, p. 

 89.— Idem, 1892a, pp. 92, 93-100.— Idem, 1892b, pp. 96-98.— Idem, 1897, p. 

 325.— Idem, 1899, pp. 108-166, 168.— Canestrini, 1890, pp. 476, 479, 482, 

 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 494, 530.— Idem, 1892, p. 581.— 

 Batelli, 1891, p. 78, 79, 80.— Efisio, 1892, p. 256.— Trouessart, 1892, p. 

 47.— Lewis, 1892, p. 449.— Marx, 1892, pp. 232, 233, 235.— Oudemans, 1896, 

 p. 191.— Osborn, 1896, p. 262.— Blanchard, 1890, pp. 323-329.— Morgan, 

 1899, p. 138. —Ward, 1900a, pp. 196, 203-204.— Idem, 1900b, p. 436.— Salmon 

 & Stiles, 1901, pp. 459-468. [See also Kolenati, 1857, p. 24.— Conil, 1877, 

 pp. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.— Idem, 1878, pp. 99, 100, 101.— Trouessart, 1891, pp. 

 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 300.— Idem, 1892, pp. 20, 33.— Neumann, 

 1897, p. 360, sub Dermacentor. — Idem, 1897, p. 384, sub Ehipicephalus. — Idem, 

 1899, p. 283, sub Hyalomma.] 



1804: Cynorhcestes Hermann (1804, p. 66).— Risso, 1826, p. 183.— Treviranus, 1831, 

 p. 188. [See also Heyden, 1826, p. 610.— Gervais, 1844, pp. 234-236.— Neu- 

 mann, 1888, p. 89.— Idem, 1892a, p. 93.— Idem, 1892b, p. 96.— Idem, 1899, 

 p. 108, sub Ixodes.— It>^m, 1899, p. 283, sub i7?/atom7wa.— Canestrini, 1890, 

 p. 482.— Railliet, 1893, p. 706, sub Ixodes.l^ 



1805: " Cynorrhxstes Herman" of Fabricius, 1805, pp. 351, 352, 353, and of Duges, 

 1834c, p. 33. 



1822: Crotonus Dumeril, 1822, p. 56.— Idem, 1829, pp. 401, 402; type, ricinus. [See 



also Neumann, 1899, p. 108, as syn. of Ixodes.] 

 1829: Cynorxsthes Hermann" of Latreille, 1829, p. 287. 

 1880: "a/noc/ia;sies Hermann" of Megnin, 1880, p. 121. 

 1891: C^/nor/iCBS^es Hermann " of Trouessart, 1891, p. 290. 



