LEUCOCYTOZOON 



431 



as the original C. gambiensis , of which it appears to be merely a variant. We 

 have placed it as a synonym of C. gambiensis. 



Gastellanella lanfranchii Lanfranchi, 1915. 



It approximates to C. evansi, and is the organism with which Lanfranchi 

 accidentally inoculated himself. As regards precipitating and complement 

 fixation power is very similar to C. evansi, but as regards trypanolytic action 

 of the serum it approximates more C. castellanii. 



APPENDIX: INCERT^ SEDIS. 



In this addendum to the Trypanosomidae we include the genus Leucocytozoon 

 and the Spirochaetacea. With regard to the former — Leucocytozoon Danilewsky, 

 1889— a number of species have been described of which the life-history is 

 but imperfectly known, except in the case of L. ziemanni, which has been 

 studied by Schaudinn, and partly in L. lovati, which has been carefully studied 

 by Fantham. They are only definitely known to occur in birds, and must be 

 distinguished from the Haemogregarines of mammals. 



Leucocytozoon Danilewsky, 1889. 



Synonyms, — Hamamceba Laveran, 1903; Spirochceta Schaudinn, 1904; 

 Trypanomorpha Woodcock, 1906. 



The leucocytozoa were first described by Danilewsky between 1884 and 

 1886 in the blood of the wood-owl [Syrnicum aluco) and other Strigidas. 



Fig. 117. — Leucocytozoon danilewskyi Ziemann. 

 (After Schaudinn.) 



From the left to the right, a macrogametocyte free, same attached to a 

 blood cell, same enclosed in a blood cell; a free microgametocyte, same 

 enclosed in a blood cell. 



He described them as spherical or oval, slightly granular bodies contained 

 in a delicate transparent homogeneous capsule, which possessed a large 

 elongated nucleus, compressed in the middle, and broadened at the ex- 

 tremities. This capsule he believed to be a degenerated leucocyte, but later 

 he held it to be an erythrocyte. He also described macrogametes and motile 

 ookinetes, and later he described the microgametocytes. In 1893 Sakharoff 

 confirmed these observations and described new species in ravens, rooks, and 

 magpies. In 1895 Theobald Smith discovered a leucocytozoon in Meleagris 

 gallapavo domestica (the turkey); and in 1898 Ziemann described another 

 specimen in Glaucidium noctuce (the little owl) from Crema, in Italy. In 1902 

 and 1903 Laveran described forms in birds with mixed infections, and stated 

 that he considered that they were contained in red blood cells. In 1904 



