COCCIDIOSIS IN MAN 



475 



Intestinal. — -Kjellberg (recorded by Virchow' in i860) and two 

 cases by Eimer (1870). 



FcBcaL — These are numerous. The earliest are Woodcock (1915), 

 Low (1915), Wenyon (1915), Woodcock and Tenfold (1916), Dobell 

 (1916), Roche (1917), Cragg (1917), Wenyon and O'Connor (1917), 

 Savage and Young (1917), Castellani and Richards (1917), Martin, 

 Kellaway, and Williams (1918), Boney, Grossman, and Boulenger 

 (1918), while Dobell (1918) has found a new form. 



Coccidia found in Man.— The coccidia found in the above cases 

 may be classified as: — -(i) Isospora hominis Rivolta, 1878, emendavit 

 Dobell, 1918; (2) Eimeria wenyoniDobtW, 1918; (3) Eimeria cxyspora 

 Dobell, 1918 ; (4) the hepatic coccidium of man. These species may 

 be described as follows :— 



Isospora hominis Rivolta, 1878, emendavit Dobell, 1913. 



Synonyms. — Psorospermien Vircliow. i860, Leuckart, 1863, Eimer, 1870; 

 Cy to speymium ' hominis Rivolta, 1878; Coccidium perforans Leuckart, 1879; 

 Coccidium bigeminum var, hominis Railliet and Lucet, 1891; Coccidium per- 

 forans var. kjellberg Labbe, 1899; Coccidium hominis Rivolta, 1878, emendavit 

 Labbe, 1896; Eimeria stiedcB I^indemann, pro parte Liihe, 1906; Isospora 

 bigemina Stiles, 1891, pro parte Liihe, 1906. 



Definition. — Isospora with oocysts elongate, ovoid in form, 

 narrow end drawn out into a neck, 25-33 x 12-5-16 microns, with clear, 

 colourless, and porcellaneous Wall, with two or more layers and an 

 inconspicuous micropyle at narrow end. Development of spores 

 takes place outside of host, and requires several days for completion. 

 Oocyst forms two round sporoblasts, from which arise two sporocysts, 

 which form four vermiform sporozoites and leave a large granular 

 sporocystic residue. Habitat, man. 



History. — ■/. hominis was discovered|by Kjellberg about i860, in 

 the villi of the small intestine; it Was^seen in 1870 by Eimer, and 

 Was named in 1878 by Rivolta, Its oocysts Were probably first 

 found in human faeces by Railliet and Lucet in 1890, but the first 

 clearly recognizable account is that given by Wenyon in 191 5, since 

 when some fifty cases of infection have been recorded, making in 

 all, with the cases seen by Castellani and Richards in the Balkans, 

 about seventy infections. 



Distribution. — It has been found in people coming from Gallipoli, 

 Salonika, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and in the Balkans. 



Pathogenicity. — ^This is believed to be nil, as most cases showed 

 merely a small and transitory infection. Animals have so far not 

 been infected With this parasite. 



Eimeria wenyoni Dobell, 1918. 



Synonyms. — Eimeria (Coccidium) Wenyon, 1915; Coccidium 

 (Eimeria) Wenyon, 1916; Eimeria sp. Dobell, 1917. 



Definition. — •Eimeria with a spherical oocyst, 20 microns in 

 diameter, with outer surface rough and rugose, inner smooth and 

 Jined by a delicate membrane. Four oval spores measuring 10 x 7 



