SPIROSCHA UDINNIA 



439 



Reproduction takes place by both longitudinal and transverse 

 divisions; it has been described by Fantham and Porter in C. ano- 

 dontcB Keysselitz, 1906, and C. halhianii. The basal granule first 

 divides, and then the membrane, followed by the cytoplasm, as 

 far as one end, which does not divide at once, but later, thus com- 

 pleting the act of asexual reproduction. 



Dobell gives a very different description of C. anodontcB, which he states has 

 a chambered structure, and divides only by transverse division. 



Bosanquet has observed the formation of coccoid bodies in Cristi- 

 spira analogous to those presently to be described in Spiroschaudinnia. 

 Classification. — The following genera are recognized 

 SpirochcBta Ehrenberg 1838, sensu strido. 

 Cristispira Gross, 1910. 

 Saprospira Gross, 1911. 

 Pseudospira Dobell, 1912. 

 Spiroschaudinnia Sambon. IQ07. 

 But it is only the last genus which contains the forms of importance 

 in tropical medicine. 



Noguchi has created the genus Leptospira Noguchi, 19 17, for the spiros- 

 chaudinnia found in Weil's disease and the spiroschaudinnia he has observed 

 in yellow fever. Characteristic features would be the true elicoid structure 

 with persistent spirals, and the resistance to the action of saponin. 



Cristispira balbianii Certes, 1882. 



This spirochaete is found in the crystalline style of oysters. The oysters 

 are apparently affected; at all events, they are poorly developed. It has a 

 vJ^ ell-defined, undulating membrane, strengthened by myonemes, and also a 

 diffuse nucleus of rodlets of chromatin on an achromatic spiral, as has already 

 been described, 



Cristispira anodontaB Keysselitz, 1906. ; 

 Synonym,— Spirochcsta anodontcB Keysselitz, 1906, emendavit Sche\\a.ch, 1909. 

 S. anodontcB was found in the crystalline style of Anodonta mutahilis by 

 Keysselitz in 1906, and in that of A . cygnea by Fantham in 1908. 



Fig. 125. — Diagram of S. duttoni, showing Chromatin Granules, 

 Pointed Ends, and Slight Membrane Edge. (After Fantham.) 



It is 40 fj, in length by 0*7 in breadth, with pointed ends and a spirally 

 wound undulating membrane. The nucleus is diffuse, consisting of chromatin 

 rodlets on a more faintly staining spiral. 



S. plicatilis Ehrenberg, 1833, found in pond-water. 



Spiroschaudinnia Sambon, 1907. 



Spirochaetidae parasitic in the blood and tissues of vertebrates 

 and in some blood-sucking invertebrates. 



Remarks. — ^This genus, as we believed would happen, is now 

 recognized by many authorities, and therefore we adopt it, though 

 we had hesitated to do so in the previous edition. 



Type S]^eQies— Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis Lebert, 1874. 



