450 



TR YPA NOSOMIDM 



by Macfie in West Africa, by Castellani and Jackson in the Balkans, 

 by Toro Villa in Colombia and South America, by Ragazzi in Bengazi, 

 by Galli-Valerio in Switzerland, by Lurie in Serbia, by Violle in 

 France, and by Broughton-Alcock in North Italy (see p. 1882). 



It was originally found by Castellani in cases of bronchitis in 

 Ceylon, and its morphology has been carefully studied by Fantham 

 in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 



S. hfonchialis is an organism with marked polymorphism, varying 

 in length from 5-25 microns and in breadth from 0 2-0 -3 micron. 

 The variations indicate different stages of growth and division. 

 x\s a rule the ends, though varying considerably, are acuminate. 

 Its movements are active, but cease shortly after removal from the 

 body, and are succeeded by a granule stage, as described by Fantham, 

 and from these granules new spirochaetes are believed to be formed. 



The granules are probably the infective agent, and spread the in- 

 fection from man to man by the air. 



It is believed to be different from 5. dentium and S. huccalis, 

 the mouth spirochaetes, of which the former measures 4-10 and the 

 latter 9-22 microns in length . 



Chalmers and O'Farrell's experiments tend to show that monkeys 

 can be infected. 



Spiroschaudinnia minuta Castellani, 191 6. 



Found in cases of rhinopharyngitis (p. 1881). With Romanosky 

 it stains a pinkish red, and has very few spirals. Length 3-10-12 

 microns. 



Fig. 136. — Spirochaudinnia minuta Castellani. 



D. Alimentary Canal Spirochetes. 



Spiroschaudinnia subtilis Castellani, 1907. 

 Found in scrapings from oral mucosa and in intestinal contents. 



