SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM 



593 



Blanfordta nosophora. The cercaria is barrel-shaped, tapering 

 towards the anterior end, mouth with two short lancet-shaped 

 bristles. Small ventral sucker at posterior one-sixth of body. 

 Hinder end with three pairs of poison glands, from each of 

 which a duct runs forwards to open into the mouth. Two pairs 

 of laterally placed flame cells with vessels. In the middle of 

 this body there is an oval light brov/n body with a small anterior 

 canal. The cercarise penetrate the skin, pass via the veins to 

 the heart, and so to the lungs, from the bases of which they 

 penetrate the mediastinum, diaphragm, liver, and so enter the 

 portal vein, from which the eggs pass to the submucosa and mucosa 

 of the colon and cause growths. The adult worms can live at least 

 two years in the vertebrate. 



Pathogenicity. — 'The cercariae, while entering the skin, cause the 

 disease kahure, and in the body katayama disease. 



Christophers and Stephens' Schistosoma. 



Christophers and Stephens in 1905 described a Schistosoma egg which 

 differs from the usual descriptions, and may belong to a new and as yet 

 unknown species or genus; but it was found with ordinary 5. hcsmatobium 

 eggs, and may therefore be an abnormality. The egg was found in 

 Madras; it was of an elongated, spindle shape, with a long snout- like 

 process extending from the broader end {2oy2 jll by 53*2 ju). 



New Schistosoma. 



In 1904 Salomone and Belli found portions of a worm which they think may 

 be a new Schistosoma in a patient suffering from haematuria contracted in 

 Brazil. It may, however, have been a S.- mansoni, which very occasionally 

 occars in the bladder wall and is a common infection in Brazil. 



REFERENCES. 



The most useful textbook is Fantham, Stephens, and Theobald (1916), 'The 

 Animal Parasites of Man,' London. 



Entozoa. 



Blanchard (1889). Traite de Zoologie Medicale. Paris. 



Braun (1892). Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, vol. iv., pp. i and 2. 



Braun (1908). Die tierischen Parasiten des Menschen. Fourth edition. 



CoBBOLD (1864). Entozoa. London. 



Davaine (1877). Traite des Entozoa. 



DujARDiN (1845). Histoire Naturelle des Helminthes. Paris. 



KucHENMEiSTER (1867). Parasitology. London. 



Leuckart (1879-?). Die Parasiten des Menschen. Second edition. 



Platyhelmia. 



Benham (1901). Treatise on Zoology, Ray Lankester, part iv. 



Trematoda, 



In addition to the books already mentioned : — ■ 

 Stiles. Illustrated Key to the Trematode Parasites of Man. Bulletin 17, 



Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health and Marine 



Hospital Service, Washington. 

 Ward (1903-08). Data for the Determination of Human Entozoa. I,, 



Studies for the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Nebraska. 



No. 49; II., ihid., No. 86. 



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