PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA CARUS 



605 



and possesses its own separate opening. The genital orifices are two in 

 number : a transverse slit for the cirrus pouch and the vagina, and a posterior 

 roundish opening for the uterus. Calcareous bodies present. The brown eggs 

 are oval, 68 to 71 ju in length, and 45 /x in breadth, with an operculum. 



Life-History. — The egg remains undeveloped for a longer or shorter time, 

 and eventually a six-hooked onchosphere, enclosed in a ciliated embryophore, 

 escapes through the lid opening, after undergoing a preliminary development 

 in a species of Cyclops; then gets into certain fish, particularly Esox lucius 

 (pike). Lota vulgaris (Miller's thumb), Perca fluviatilis, Salnio umbla, Trutta 

 vulgaris, T. lacustris, Thymalis vulgaris, Coregonus lavaretus, C. albula, and 

 Onchorhynchus perryi, in the muscles of which it becomes a plerocercoid. 



When these fish are eaten, the plerocercoids quickly develop into the tape- 

 worm, eggs appearing in the faeces in some twenty-one to twenty-four days. 



Habitat. — Man, dog, cat, and fox. 



Patliogenicity. — It produces a severe form of anaemia, together with fever 

 (99° to 104° F.) in some cases, and a quick pulse, which is supposed to be due 

 to the action of a toxin. 



Dibothriocephalus cordatus R. Leuckart, 1863. 

 Synonym.— Bothrioccphahis cordatus R. Leuckart, 1863. 



The parasite is commonly found in the seal, the walrus, and the dog in 

 Greenland and Iceland. It may infect man. 



Morphology. — The principal features are the short, broad, heart-shaped 

 head with the grooves on the fiat surface, the absence of the neck, and the 

 length only i to metres. Uterine rosette, with six to eight loops. Eggs 

 with lids 75 /A in length by 50 /x in breadth. 



Dibothriocephalus parvus Stephens, 1907. 



This parasite was found by Elkington in Tasmania in 1906 in a Syrian, aged 

 thirty-seven, who had not long arrived from his native country. 



Morphology. — Scolex not known. Proglottides with clearly-defined, central, 

 uterine rosette, with four to five loops on each side of the median line; largest 

 segment, 5 by 3 millimetres. Genital atrium 0*4 to 0*5 millimetre behind 

 the anterior margin; uterine opening same distance behind the genital atrium. 

 Calcareous bodies were not seen. Eggs, 59 by 40 ^. 



Diplogonoporus Lonnberg, 1892. 

 Synonym.— Krahhea R. Blanchard, 1894. 



Bothriocephalinae with short scolex, powerful suckers, no neck, and two 

 sets of genitalia side by side in each proglottis. 



Type Species. — Diplogonoporus balcsnoptcrcB Lonnberg, 1892. 



Diplogonoporus grandis R. Blanchard, 1894. 

 Synonym, — Krabbea grandis R. Blanchard. 



So far this parasite has only been observed twice in Japanese — in Hioyo, 

 Japan. 



Morphology. — Scolex unknown. Proglottis, i'5 millimetres broad in front 

 and 2"5 millimetres broad behind; very short, only 0''45 millimetre. Two 

 ventral grooves on either side of the median line with the genital pores. Uterus 

 with few loops. Eggs brown; thick shells, 63 to 48 /x in length and 50 ^ in 

 breadth, with opercula. 



Diplogonoporus brauni Leon, 1907. 



Two specimens of this worm have been found in Roumania. 



Morphology. — The worm presents the appearance of a thick, opaque, 

 greyish ribbon 12 centimetres in length, marked by slight transverse rings and 

 with a dorsal and ventral sucker, which mark a division of the head into 

 two unequal parts. There is no neck. The genital orifices are double, with 

 a double genital apparatus in each ring. The vitellogene glands are situate 

 peripherally. No genital sinus, no calcareous corpuscles. 



