CHAPTER XXXI 



HEMIPTERA 



Hemiptera — Gymnocerata — -0111100011(135 — ■ Reduviidae — Hydrometridae — 

 Aradi d^e — Ref erence:^ . 



ORDER HEMIPTERA Linnaeus, 1742. 



Synonyms.- -Rhyngota Fabricius; Rhynchota Burmeister. 



Definition. — Hexapoda with four wings, the front pair being 

 either membranous or half horny and half membranous, but both 

 pairs may be wanting in the parasitic species. Mouth suctorial. 

 Metamorphosis complete. 



Remarks.— The Hemiptera include the cochineal insect. Coccus 

 cacti ; the Aphidse, plant-lice; and, in particular, the cicadas, whose 

 shrill notes wake the quiet of an African forest. The anterior wings 

 are called hemelytra, and usually consist of three portions: — 



1. The clavus — -the hard, coriaceous portion next to the 

 scutellum. 



2. The corium — hard, coriaceous portion occupying the whole of 

 the area between the clavus and the membrane. 



3. The membrane — apical portion. 

 The posterior pair are the true wings. 



In the Clinocoridae the corium is divided into three portions: — 



1. Internal — corium proper. 



2. External and basal — embolium. 



3. External and apical — cuneus. 



Classification. — The order is divided into two suborders: — 

 Suborder I.: Homoptera.— With both pairs of wings mem- 

 branaceous. 



Suborder 11. : Heteroptera.— With the front pair of wings half 

 horny. 



The first will not be considered here. 



HETEROPTERA. 



This suborder has two series: — 



Series i, Gymnocerata Fieber. — Antennae conspicuous. 

 Series 2, Cryptocerata Fieber. — Antennae hidden. 



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