URINARY SPIROCHETES 



451 



Spiroschaudinnia eurygyrata Werner, 1909, eniendavit Fantham, 



1916. 



Synonyms.- — Spirillum hachaizcB Kowalski (perhaps); 5. eurygyrata 

 Werner, 1909. 



The spirochsete Was first noted under the name spirillum in cholera 

 motions in 1884-86 and 1893-94. In 1903 Le Dantec saw them in 

 cases of so-called spirochastal dysentery. In 1909 Werner gave them 

 the two names mentioned above, which Fantham in his 1916 re- 

 searches considers to be the same. 



The spirochaetes Were found by Fantham in the faeces of soldiers 

 suffering from diarrhoea or dysentery in Gallipoli and Flanders, and 

 also in healthy people. It has pointed ends, and varies from 3-15 

 microns in length by about 0-25 micron in breadth. The number 

 of Waves is from two to nine, while chromatin granules can be seen 

 along the body. It is actively motile, and has been seen to enter the 

 shed epithelial cells found in the faeces, where it produces coccoid 

 bodies. 



Note. — -It is essential not to confuse true spirochaetes found in 

 the faeces with vegetal organisms with pseudo-spirochaetal shapes, 

 as has occurred— ^.g'., Spirohacillus (Bacillus) zeylanicus Castellani, 

 19 10, has often been mistaken for a true spirochaete (see p. 1838). 



E. Urinary Spirochetes. 



Spiroschaudinnia urethrse Macfie, 1917. 



These spirochaetes have been seen by Macfie in urine in natives 

 on the Gold Coast, where it caused an acute urethritis. 



The parasite Was found free in large quantities in the pus and also 

 in the pus cells. It measured from 5-20 microns in length, and 



Fig. 137. — Spiroschaudinnia mitis Castellani. 



showed a membrane or crest. The cytoplasm, which was homo- 

 geneous, contained chromatin granules or rodlets at intervals. 

 Some pus cells contained coccoid granules. 



Spirochaetes have been found in the normal urethra by various authors^^.p'.. 

 Mendelson. 



vS. mitis was found by Castellani in the centrifuged urine of certain cases 

 of camp jaundice of mild type. It is thicker than 5. icterohcsmorrhagicB, and 

 has larger and better defined waves. Of doubtful pathogenicity. 



