452 



TR YPA NOSOMinm 



THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN SPIROCHETES. 



The differentiation of spirochastes is exceedingly difficult, as 

 morphological characters seldom help, and measurements with wave 

 formations are useless for this purpose. 



As many of.the so-called species are probably only variants pro- 

 duced by environment, it seems correct to classify them according 

 to site in the human body, according to their action on man and 

 animals, and according to immunity experiments. 



The following is an attempt on these lines : — • 



A. Found in the blood .•— 



I. In cases of relapsing fever : — • 



(a) Clinical symptoms in man mild, but in animals severe 



— S. novyi. 

 [h) Clinical symptoms in man severe: — 



1. In animals severe — S. duttoni. 



2 . In animals mild : — 



(1) Berbera immune serum protective — S. berbera. 



(2) Berbera immune serum ineffective and re- 



currentis immune serum protective ; closely 

 allied forms:- — ■ 

 {a) Found in Europe — S. recurrentis. 

 (b) Found in India — 5. carteri. 

 II. In cases of infectious jaundice — ^5. icterohcBmorrhagica. 

 III. In cases of rat-bite disease — S. morsusmuris. 



B. Found in the skin : — , . 



I. In ulcus tropicum : — ^ 



Not cultivated, with undulating membrane and short 

 flagellum — S. vincenti. 

 II. In granuloma inguinale: — 



Not cultivated without undulating membrane or flagellum 

 ■ — S. aboriginalis. 

 IIL In cutaneous inflammation: — 



(a) Cultivated, strictly anaerobic; causes transient in- 



flammation in animals — S. phagedenis. 

 (&) Not cultivated; found in open yaws ulcers: — • 



1. Acuminate — 5. acuminata. 



2. Obtuse^ — 5. obtusa. 



(c) Not cultivated; found in ulcerating carcinomata — 

 5. pseudopallida. 



C. Found in the respiratory passages : — 



I. In bronchial spirochaetosis — 5. bronchialis. 

 II. In rhinopharyngitis — 5. minuta. 



D. Found in the alimentary canal and skin lesions : — 



I . In the mouth : — 



{a) Produces pseudo-membranes. In cases of angina and 

 ulcus tropicum — S. vincenti, 



(b) Non-pathogenic: — 



