ANIMAL SPIROCHETES 



453 



1. Short forms — -5. dentium. 



2. Long forms — 5. huccalis. 

 II. In vomit:— 



Rather doubtful forms in vomit of Belyando speW in 

 Queensland — Unnamed. 

 III. In faeces: — ■ 



In health and disease — S. eurygyrata, 



E. Found in the urethra : — ■ 



I. In free and in coccoid form in pus cells from urethritis. 



With crest or membrane— 5. urethrcB. 

 II. In urine from cases of mild camp jaundice. With well- 

 marked waves — S. niitis. , 



ANIMAL SPIROCHETES. 



Spiroschaudinnia macaci Castellani and Chalmers, 1910. 



Synonym. — Spirochceta macaci Castellani and Chalmers, igio. 



This spirochaete Was found by us in monkeys in Ceylon in 1906. 

 In length it measures about 12 [jl, and closely resembles 5. carteri 

 Manson, 1907. It can be easily inocu- 

 lated from monkey to monkey. Spiro- 

 chaetes which may be of a different species 

 have also been found by Leishman, 

 Balfour, and by Plimmer in Cerco- 

 pithecus sebcB from Sierra Leone. 



Spiroschaudinnia anserina Saccharoff, 

 1 891. 



Found in enormous numbers in the blood 

 of geese in the Caucasus and Tunis. It causes 

 fever, diarrhoea, tenderness of the feet, and 

 death in about a week, the mortaUty being 

 80 per cent. It can be inoculated into other 

 geese. 



Spiroschaudinnia marchouxi Nuttall, 

 1904. 



Synonym, — Spirochcsta gallinarum R. Blan- 

 chard, 1905. 



This spirocliaete, which has been discovered 

 by Marchoux and Salimbeni, and studied by 

 Balfour, is about 10 to 20 /x in length, causes 

 disease in fowls in many countries — e.g., Brazil, 

 the Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Serbia. The 

 symptoms are fever, diarrhoea, anaemia, somnolence, convulsions, and death in 

 four to five days, or in chronic cases cachexia and death in fourteen days. 

 As first observed by Sambon, it appears to enter the red corpuscle, and to break 

 up within it in a way which reminds one of the description already given for 

 S. duttoni. Balfour has made an important investigation on granules spread- 

 ing and the infective granules. It is spread by Argas persicus and other 

 Argasidse, as Fiilleborn has shown with Ornithodoros moubata. Balfour has 

 made the important observation that in the infected ticks chromatic granules 

 are present as described by Leishman in S. duttoni. 



Fig. 138. — Spirochetes in 

 THE Blood of Cercopi- 

 tkecussebcBus FROM Sierra 

 Leone. (X 1,000.) 



iFrom a microphotograph 

 by H. G. Plimmer.) 



